THEWESTERN ARCHITECT INDEX TO VOLUMES XXIII AND XXIV JANUARY-DECEMBER, 1916 ILLUSTRATIONS RESIDENCES Subject Architect Month Mr. Hugh McBerney Johnston, Lake Forest, 111...William Arthur Warren Tan Mr. W. S. Burling, Chicago ._.................................C. Whitney Stevens *"jan Mr. W. Marriott Canby, Germantown, Pa...........Duhring, Okie & Ziegler Feb Mr. Waldemar Giertsen, Chicago..........................John A. Nyden Feb Mr. O. N. Tevander, Chicago................................C. Whitney Stevens Feb' Mr. J. A. Rogers, Los Angeles, Cal.......................Frank M. Tyler Feb Mr. J. A. Rathbone, Elmira, N. Y.........................Considine & Haskell _ Mar Mrs. R. H. Barlow, Haverford, Pa-----.................Savery, Scheetz & Savery Mar Dr. E. F. Corson, Cynwyd, Pa...............................Savery. Scheetz & Savery Mar Hall, Residence, F. H. Armstrong, Evanston, 111. Chatten & Hammond Apr Pardee Bungalow, Pasadena, Cal.._......................Myron Hunt Apr Mr. J. R. Cardwell, Chicago-----.............................Frank D. Chase..... "'"".'.'.Apr. Hatley Park, Residence of James Dunsmuir, Victoria, B. C, Canada....................................Samuel Maclure........................Apr. APARTMENTS Mr. T. Slater, Victoria, B. C , Canada..................Samuel Maclure Mr. B. Wilson, Victoria, B. C, Canada................Samuel Maclure Residence at Victoria, B. C, Canada....................Samuel Maclure Mr. J. S. Ballentine, Victoria, B. C, Canada......Samuel Maclure Residence at Oak Park, Illinois..............................Charles E. White, Jr Mr. Carl Pfanstiehl, Highland Park, 111...............Riddle & Riddle Dr. H. H. Martin, LaPorte, Indiana......................George W. Allen & Son Mr. B. F. Edwards, St. Louis, Mo.........................Mauran, Russell & Garden Mr. A. B, Shepley, St. Louis, Mo.___....................Mauran, Russell & Garden . Mr. W. T. Trueblood, St. Louis, Mo.._.................Wilbur T. Trueblood... Mr. Augustus Busch, St. Louis, Mo.. Mr. C. H. Duncker, St. Louis, Mo.. .Apr. ..Apr. ..Apr. ..Apr. .May .May .May June June June ...Widman & Walsh....................June -Cann & Corrubia....................June _.P. J. Bradshaw___.....................June ........________________________________M. P. McArdle........................June Mallinckrodt Residence, St. Louis,Mo...............J. P. Jamieson..........................June Herf & Whittemore, Residences, St. Louis, Mo................._.........................................._.......J. P. Jamieson..........................June Mr. George T. Burdeau, St. Louis, Mo... Residence, St. Louis, Mo________ ..Hall & Graf.. ..Maenner & Senne.............. ..Maritz & Henderson.......... ..LaBeaume & Klein............ __T. P. Barnett & Co........... ..Roth & Study................ ..Roth & Study.................... ..Klipstein & Rathmann...... ..Hellmuth & Hellmuth...... ..Kennerly & Stiegemeyer.. ..Mildner & Eisen................ ..Mildner & Eisen............... ..Elmer Grey____................... June Tune June June June June June June June June June July \ug. Aug. Mr. Joseph P. Dawson, St. Louis, Mo... . Senne Bungalow, St. Louis, Mo................ Bischoff Residence, St. Louis, Mo............. Mr. Charles M. Rice, St. Louis, Mo......... Faust Residence, St. Louis, Mo_________________ Holmes Residence, St. Louis, Mo............. Mr. Harry Carroll, St. Louis, Mo____......... Mr. Leslie Dana, St. Louis, Mo................. Mr. John A. Lescher, St. Louis, Mo_________ Mr. Claude Vroonan, St. Louis, Mo......... Mr. Edward N. Eisenberg, Detroit, Mich Mr. I. B, Rosengarten, Chicago................. Mrs. M. C, Russell, Hollywood, Cal. ...... Mrs. E. M. Neustadt, Altadena, Cal.....................Elmer Grey Bungalow, Mr. Julius Seyler, South Pasadena, Cal_____.............„................................................Elmer Grey_____.........................Aug. Mr. Edward D. Libbey, Nordhoff, Cal_________........Elmer Grey...............................Aug. Mr. Elmer Grey, Pasadena, Cal................_____.......Elmer Grey......................._.......Aug. Mr. Henry E. Huntington, Pasadena, Cal...........Elmer Grey...............................Aug. Mr. Frank E. Walsh, Los Angeles, Cal.................Mendel Me vers & Philip W. Holler....................................Sept. Mr. J. R. Oleson, Kenilworth, 111..........................George W. Maher._.................Sept. Mr. B. F. Z. Odell, Kenilworth, 111______.................George W. Maher...................Sept. Mr. Ira V. Hale, Wayne, Pa...................................D- Knickerbacker Boyd..........Sept. Mr. Oscar H. Haugan, Evanston, 111.....................John A. Nyden........................Sept. Dr. W. K. Yeakel, Chicago............................_________Emery Stanford Hall..............Sept. Residence at Philadelphia, Pa...............................Peare & Siemer........................Sept. Dr. H. N. Torrey, Grosse Pointe Shores, Mich.....John Scott & Co.......................Oct. Mr. C. A. Ducharme, Grosse Pointe Village, Mich............................................................Chittenden & Kotting..............Oct. Mr. J. T. McMillan, Grosse Pointe Park, Mich...Chittenden & Kotting.............Oct. Mr. Henry B. Joy, Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich._.Albert Kahn..............................Oc-t. Mr. John S. Newberry, Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich.. .Albert Kahn.. ..Oct. Mr. Edwin H. Brown, Grosse Pointe Village, Mich...................................................................George E. Graves.....................Oct. Mr. Austin Church, Trenton, Mich.....................Donaldson & Meier..................Oct. Miss F. L. Pond, Grosse Pointe, Mich.................Marcus R. Burrowes & Dal- ton R. Wells..........................Oct. Mr. C. M. Burton, Detroit, Mich___________................Rogers, Bonnah & Chaffee......Oct. Dr. Albert H. Steinbrecher, Detroit, Mich...........Richard Marr............................Oct. Mr. George H. Wooliey, Detroit, Mich.................George D. Mason......................Oct. Mr. Frank C. Teal, Detroit, Mich.........................Preston, Brown & Walker........Oct. Mr. Hiram Walker, Walkerville, Ont..................Marcus R. Burrowes & Dal- ton R. Weils..........................Oct, Mr. W. C. Crowley, Detroit, Mich.........................R. E. Raseinan.........................Oct. Mr. A. L. Stephens, Detroit, Mich........................George D. Mason......................Oct. Mr. Fred M. Alger, Grosse Pointe Village, Mich.......................................-...........................Stratton & Baldwin..................Oct. Mr. C. Howard Crane, Detroit, Mich...................C. Howard Crane......................Oct. Mr. R. Hirt, Jr., Detroit, Mich..............................MacFarlane, Maul & Lentz....Oct. Duplex Residence, Detroit, Mich..................A. J. Darling..............................Oct. Dr. Leo Herbert, Detroit, Mich.............................Alvin E. Harley........................Oct. Mr. F. P. Goettmann, Detroit, Mich.....................Roland C Gies.........................Oct. Mrs. Marian D. Wilson, Detroit, Mich.................Wells D. Buttcrfield................Oct. Mr. Herman Darmstaetter, Detroit, Mich...........Louis Kamper...........................Oct. Mr. Jacob Danziger, Detroit, Mich......................B. Wetzel...................................Oct. Mr. Ralph Aldrich, Detroit, Mich..........................Stratton & Baldwin..................Oct. Mr. Norman S. Atcheson, Detroit, Mich.............Norman S. Atcheson................Oct. Mrs. John H. Vhay, Bloomfleld Hills, Mich........Smith, Hinchman & Grylls....Nov. Mr. D. H. Bethard, Peoria, 111...............................Hewitt & Emerson..................Nov. Mr. E. C. Deibel, Akron, O.....................................Ralph M. Hulett.....................Nov. Mr. Arthur W. Allen, Peoria, 111............................Hewitt & Emerson..................Nov. Mr. William Herron, Jr., Peoria, 111.....................Hewitt & Emerson.................Nov. Dr. Rudolph Yung, Terre Haute, Ind.................Johnson & Miller....................Nov. Mr. Sam T. Greenberg, Brazil,,Ind.......................Johnson & Miller....................Nov. Mr. Harry Messich, Edgewood, Ind.....................Johnson & Miller...................Nov. Architect Month E. Norman Brydges.......... Jan. C. Whitney Stevens.......... ... Jan. H. R. Wilson & Co........... .....Mar. S. S. Beman....................... ......Apr. E. Norman Brydges......... ......Apr. L. B. Pendleton................. ......June C. Whitney Stevens.......... .....SeDt. A. L. Himelblau................ .....Sept. Alvin E. Harley................. ......Oct. Albert Kahn...................... ......Oct. Pollmar & Ropes............... ......Oct. Baxter, O'Dell & Halpin.. ......Oct. Richard H. Marr.......:....... ......Oct. Subject St. George Apartment Building, Chicago.......... Apartment Building, Chicago....._________________________ Apartment for Gustav Freund, Chicago............ Proposed Apartment Hotel.................................. Kellshore Apartment Hotel, Chicago................ Arlington Apartment, St. Louis, Mo................... Apartment for Oscar Hebel, Chicago________________ Junior Terrace Apartment Building, Chicago.. Terrace of Five Houses, Detroit, Mich............. Garden Court Apartments, Detroit, Mich........ SherbrooJce Apartments, Detroit, Mich............. Sheraton Apartments, Detroit, Mich................. Rinaldo Apartment Building, Detroit, Mich..... COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS, BANKS, OFFICE BUILDINGS The Franklin Company Building, Chicago............George C. Nimmons................Jan. The Merchants National Bank, Grinnell, la.______Louis H. Sullivan....................Feb. Graham & Son (Bank), Chicago............................Mundie & Jensen.....................May Office H. C. Adams & Company, Algona, la.......Louis H. Sullivan______.............May Boatmen's Bank Annex, St. Louis, Mo.................Eames & Young.......................June Boatmen's Bank Building, St. Louis, Mo.............Eames & Young........................June Missouri State Life Building, St. Louis, Mo.......A. B. Groves____.......................June German Savings Bank Building, St. Louis, M0.....A, B. Groves............................June Mercantile Trust Co. Building, St. Louis, Mo.....Isaac Taylor.............................June Pickel Building, St. Louis, Mo...............................P. J. Bradshaw........................June Franklin Bank, St. Louis, Mo.................................Guy C. Mariner.......................June Otis Elevator Building, St. Louis, Mo...................J. L. Wees_____...........................June City National Bank, Evansville, Ind______...............Mundie & Jensen......................July Book Building, Detroit, Mich.................................Louis Kamper...........................Oct. Office, Dodge Bros., Detroit, Mich.........._..........Smith. Hinchman & Grylls.....Oct. Office, Hudson Motor Car Co., Detroit, Mich—Albert Kahn..............................Oct. Building, Detroit City Gas Co., Detroit, Mich.....John Scott & Company............Oct. Building, Detroit Legal News, Detroit, Mich.......George D. Mason.....................Oct. Building, Detroit Saturday Night, Detroit, Mich...Smithr Hinchman & Grylls......Oct. Wayne County & Home Savings Bank, Detroit, Mich...................................................................Donaldson & Meier..................Oct. Office Building, Detroit Free Press, Detroit, Mich......................................................._...........Albert Kahn..............................Oct. Farwell Building, Detroit, Mich.............................Rogers, Bonnah & Chaffee......Oct. Peoples State Bank & Penobscot Building, Detroit, Mich.....................................__..............Donaldson & Meier..................Oct. David Whitney Building, Detroit, Mich...............Graham, Burnham & Co.........Oct. Kresge Building, Detroit, Mich.............................Albert Kahn..............................Oct. Building for Buhl Land Company, Detroit, Mich...................................................................R. E. Raseman.........................Oct. Paddock Store & Office Building, Terre Haute, Ind......................................................................Johnson & Miller.._.................Nov. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND FACTORIES Sears, Roebuck & Company, Seattle, Wash.......George C. Nimmons_____...........Jan. Reid, Murdoch & Company, Chicago....................George C. Nimmons................Jan. C. P. Kimball & Company, Chicago_________________.....George C. Nimmons................Jan. Excelsior Motor Mfg. & Supply Co., Chicago_____John Ahlschlager & Son..........Jan. Sears, Roebuck & Company, Kansas City, Mo.....George C. Nimmons________........Jan. Twin City Branch Willys-Overland, Inc...............Mills, Rhines, Bellman & Nordhoff................................May Union Electric Light & Power Company, St. Louis, Mo................................................-........A. B. Groves............................June Four Garages & Showrooms, St. Louis, Mo.......Stephens & Pearson_______.........June Ford Motor Building, St. Louis, Mo.....................Clymer & Drischler.................June Polar Wave Building, St. Louis, Mo.....................Clymer & Drischler..................June J. Arthur Anderson Laundry, St. Louis, Mo-------Charles H. Wray......................June Luyties Factory, St. Louis, Mo...............................F. C. Bonsack........_.................June Columbia Transfer Company Warehouse, St. Louis, Mo...........................................................F. C. Bonsack..........................June Pierce Motor Building, St. Louis, Mo...................William Levy............................June Monumental Works, Otto Schemansky & Sons ...Mildner & Eisen......................Sept. Garage for Detroit Electric Co., Detroit, Mich. ...Mildner & Eisen......................Sept.* Plant for Ford Motor Company, Detroit, Mich...Albert Kahn..............................Oct. Conners Creek Power House of Detroit Edison Co., Detroit, Mich.........................................................................................Oct. Factory, Diamond Manufacturing Co., Detroit, Mich.........................................................Smith. Hinchman & Grylls____Oct. Machine Shop, Morgan & Wright, Detroit, Mich........................................................ Albert Kahn.......................Oct. Factory Buildings, Chalmers Motor Co., Detroit, Mich.........................................................Albert Kahn........_....................Oct. Plant Chalmers Motor Co., Detroit, Mich...........Albert Kahn..............................Oct. Factory, Continental Motor Car Company, Detroit, Mich.........................................................Albert Kahn..............................Oct. Factory, Arthur Colton Company, Detroit, Mich...Mildner & Eisen........................Oct. Factory, American Auto Trimming Co., Detroit, Mich......................................_..................Mildner & Eisen........................Oct. Warehouse, C. F. Smith & Co., Detroit, Mich.....Pollmar & Ropes......................Oct. Factory, I. L. Scheinman & Co., Detroit, Mich.....Pollmar & Ropes......................Oct. Store, H. R. Leonard Furniture Co., Detroit, Mich________..........................................................Baxter, O'Dell & Halpin______ Oct. Store, J. Weiler, Detroit..........................................Harry S. Angell........................Oct. Store, S. S. Kresge Company, Detroit, Mich.......Smith, Hinchman & Grylls......Oct. Store, Grinnell Brothers, Detroit, Mich...............Albert Kahn..............................Oct. Store, Lafer Brothers, Detroit, Mich.....................Joseph E. Mills.........................Oct. Warehouse, Riverside Storage Co., Detroit, Mich...............................................................Stratton & Baldwin.................Oct. Factory, Dean-Hicks Co., Grand Rapids, Mich...Robinson & Campau..............Nov. Building, Wilson Grocery Co., Peoria, 111.............Herbert Edmund Hewitt, Hewitt & Emerson.__...............Nov, Store, B. H. Morgan, Clinton, Ind.........................Johnson & Miller....._...............Nov. Warehouse, Crerar Adams & Co., Chicago..........Ottenheimer, Stern & Reichert................................Nov. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES Subject Architect Month School at Niagara Falls, N. Y.................................Wright & Kremers....................Jan. Technical High School, Salt Lake City, Utah......Cannon & Fetzer......................Feb. Fulton, Barton & Lowry Schools, Minneapolis....William B. Ittner & Steb- bins & Haxby......................Mar. Open Air Schools in California .._..........................F. D. Wolff___..........................Mar. Highland Park High School, Highland Park, Mich.......................................................................Wells B. Butterfield................May Mullanphy School, St. Louis, Mo..........................William B. Ittner....................June Cavalry Building, Culver, Ind.................................Albert KnelL............................June Bates School, St. Louis, Mo...................................R. M. Milligan..........................June Medical Students' Dormitory, St. Louis, Mo.......Link & Trueblood....................June Washington University Buildings, St. Louis, Mo. Cope & Steward son.................June San Francisco, California, Schools............................................. July Hermosa Beach School............................................Frank Pemberton......................July Troop College of Technology, Pasadena, Cal.......Elmer Grey _ Aug. California Schools, San Francisco, Cal...................................................._...............Sept. Joyce High School, Detroit, Mich.........................Malcomson & Higginbotham..Oct. Northern High School, Detroit, Mich...................Malcomson & Higginbotham..Oct. Greenfield Township Union School, Mich...........Van Leyen & Schilling..............Oct. Building for the University of Detroit, Detroit, Mich...................................................................Oscar C. Gottesleben...............Oct. Carter H. Harrison Technical High School, Chicago..............................................................A. F. Hussander......................Nov. William R. Belknap School, Louisville, Ky...........J. Earl Henry............................Dec. Emmett Field School, Louisville, Ky.....................J. Earl Henry............................Dec. Shawnee School, Louisville, Ky.............................J. Earl Henry............................Dec. Albert S. Brandeis School, Louisville, Ky.._.......J. Earl Henry... Boys' High School, Louisville, Ky.........................J. Earl Henry... Dec. Dec. The Cres'tview School Building, Columbus, O.....D. Riebel & Sons.-...................Dec. The Studer Avenue School, Columbus. O...........D. Riebel & Sons.....................Dec. HOSPITALS Methodist Episcopal Hospital, St. Joseph, Mo.....Eckel & Aldrich......................May Barnes Medical Group, St. Louis, Mo_____...........T. C. Link................................June Nurses' Home, Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, M0....T. C. Link................................June Isolation Hospital Group, St. Louis, Mo...............Guy C. Mariner.......................June PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND LIBRARIES Union Station, Joplin, Mo.. ..Louis Curtiss... ..Mar. Municipal Courts, St. Louis, Mo...........................Isaac Taylor.............................June Art Museum, St. Louis, Mo..................................Cass Gilbert..............................June Post-Despatch Building, St. Louis, Mo................Barnett, Haynes & Barnett....June Central Library, St. Louis, Mo...............................Cass Gilbert..............................June Pure Oil Company Station, Minneapolis, Minn________...............................................July Station, Michigan Central Ry., Detroit, Mich.____Warren & Wetmore..................Oct. Frederic H. Pease Auditorium, Ypsilanti, Mich.._.Smith, Hinchman & Grylls—Oct. Conely Branch Public Library, Detroit, Mich. ...H. B. Clement..........................Oct. Juvenile Court Building, Detroit, Mich______.........Stratton & Von Schneider_____Oct. Casino at Belle Isle Park, Detroit, Mich....._.......Van Leyen & Schilling-----.......Oct. Detroit Municipal Court Bldg., Detroit, Mich.....Smith, Hinchman & Grylls.....Oct. Exchange for Home Tel. Co., Detroit, Mich.....Stratton & Baldwin..................Oct. DeWitt County Poorhouse, Bloomington, 111.......A. L. Pillsbury____...................Nov. CLUBS .May Minneapolis Athletic Club, Minneapolis, Minn.....Bertrand & Chamberlin......... Missouri Athletic Club, St. Louis, Mo-----...........William B. Ittner & G. F. A. B rueggeman..........................J une Grill Rofem Racquet Club, St. Louis, Mo.............Mauran, Russell & Garden —June Masonic Temple, St. Louis, Mo.............................A. B. Groves............................June Moolah Temple, St. Louis, Mo____.........................Helfensteller, Hirsch & Watson..................................June Bellerive County Club, St. Louis, Mo...................Edward A. Garden..................June Detroit Athletic Club, Detroit, Mich.....................Albert Kahn..............................Oct. Ingleside Club, Detroit, Mich.................................Donaldson & Meier..................Oct. Detroit Tennis Club, Detroit, Mich.......................Marcus R. Burrowes & Dal- ton R. Wells..........................Oct. CHURCHES AND CHAPELS Subject Architect Month Church of Our Saviour, Elmhurst, 111...................E. Norman Brydges................Apr. Methodist Episcopal Church, Glencoe, 111...........Riddle & Riddle......................May Second Baptist Church, St. Louis, Mo.................Mauran, Russell & Garden......June St. Michaels and All Angels Church, St. Louis, Mo. ..................................................J- P- Jamieson..........................June Cathedral Altar and Dome, St. Louis, Mo...........Barnett, Haynes & Barnett...June Belleville Cathedral and St. Peter Cathedral,....Victor J. Klutho......................June Cathedral of Immaculate Conception, Ferdinand, Ind.........................................................Victor J. Klutho.....................June Lutheran Church, St. Louis, Mo_____.....................John A. Lange..........................June Kirkwqod Methodist Church, St. Louis, Mo.......Hall & Graf..............................June Church, St. Louis, Mo.............................................Hellmuth & Hellmuth............June First Church of Christ, Scientist, Los Angeles, Cal.......................................................................Elmer Grey........................—Aug. First Church of Christ, Scientist, Palo Alto, Cal..... Waiting Room at Woodmere Cemetery, Detroit, Mich, -Aug. ..Elmer Grey.. ____t______.........................__________ ... ... ..Donaldson & Meier..................Oct. Chapel" Woodmere Cemetery, Detroit, Mich.......Donaldson & Meier..................Oct. Central Methodist Episcopal Church House and Woman's Exchange, Detroit, Mich_______Smith, Hinchman & Grylls.....Oct. First Church of Christ, Scientist, Detroit, Mich.....Smith, Hinchman & Grylls._...Oct. Ferry Avenue Baptist Church, Detroit, Mich.......J. Will Wilson...........................Oct. Synagogue, Chicago..................................................Ottenheimer, Stern & Reichert................................Nov. THEATRES American Theatre, Chicago...................................H. H. Mahler.. Grand. Central Theatre, St. Louis, Mo.................Helfensteller, Hirsch & Watson.... Victoria Theatre, St. Louis, Mo.............................Widman & Walsh.. Majestic Theatre, Detroit, Mich...........................C. Howard Crane... Fine Arts Theatre, Detroit, Mich...........................C. Howard Crane-Victor Theatre, Highland Park, Mich...................Smith & Kohner.... ...June ...June ...Sept. „„Oct. ....Oct- HOTELS Hotel Statler, St. Louis, Mo... Plaza Hotel, St. Louis, Mo Pantlind Hotel, Grand Rapids, Mich----- Beverly Hills Hotel, Beverly Hills, Cal.. Stevenson Hotel, Detroit, Mich............... Hotel Statler, Detroit, Mich ..Gcnrge B. Poet & Sons, Mauran, Russell & Crowell, Associates_____________________________June P. J. Bradshaw..........___........June Warren & Wetmore_____...........July Elmer Grey._______...................Aug. Joseph P. Jogerst......................Oct. ..George B. Post & Sons, Smith, M Hinchman & Grylls, Associates......................................Oct. MISCELLANEOUS Studio, Holabird an Root, Chicago........................Holabird & Root... Rain Water Heads by the Bromsgrove Guild................................_____ Sketch for Safety Deposit Vault............................G. L. Barnum.. ..Apr. ..Apr. ..Apr. ..Apr. ...June ..June Sketch for Armory....................................................James Dibelka............ Jefferson Memorial, St. Louis, Mo.......................Isaac Taylor................ Garage, Herf Reisdence, St. Louis, Mo..............J. P. Jamieson__________ Methodist Orphanage Home, St. Louis, Mo.......La Beaume & Klein...............June Cicardi Restaurant, St. Louis, Mo.........................T. P. Barnett & Co........„......June "Bauernhof" chauffeur and coach house, St. Louis, Mo...........................................................Klipstein & Rathmann.......___June Intake Tower, St. Louis, Mo.._...............................Roth & Study........................June Victor Street Mission, St. Louis, Mo.....................Edmund C. Little...................June Waterworks Railway Station, St. Louis, Mo.......Roth & Study.........................June Garden for Mr. G. W. Wattles, Hollywood, Cal.....Elmer Grey......................______Aug. Building for The Pewabic Pottery Co., Detroit, Mich.............:;r.........................................Stratton & Baldwin............____.Oct. Bridges at Belle Isle Park, Detroit, Mich.............Edward A. Schilling_______________Oct. EDITORIALS AND LETTERPRESS Subject , Page EDITORIALS—Recognition of Conservative Advertising by Members of the Institute—Government Architecture in Need of a Head1— Cement Science Aided by Bureau of Standards—Business Expansion Means Factories—New York City Building Code Cdmpleted and Passed—Industrial Education Needs Practical Direction—• South American Building Laws Worthy of Emulation........................1-2 The Modern Factory—As illustrated in the work of George C. Nimmons. By Robert Craik McLean.......................-.................................................3 The Standard Documents of the American Institute of Architects..5-9-10-ll EDITORIALS—The Works of Louis H. Sullivan an Inspiration rather than a Model—The Get-Together Spirit Between Architects and Lumbermen—^Chicago Architectural Club Twenty-ninth Annual Exhibition—President of the American Institute of Architects Explains Advertising Resolution...................................................................13 The American Institute of Architects of Today—Illustrated by portraits of officers, directors and Fellows elected at the forty-ninth convention, with brief biographical sketches. By Robert Craik McLean..l5 The Merchants National Bank at Grinnell, Iowa.........................................21 Florida Registration Board Meeting................................................................22 EDITORIALS—Fernand Parmentier A Sacrifice—The "Prairie Spirit" in American Architecture—Architects Influence Chicago Bridge Improvements—Adoption of a City Plan by Sacramento—Standardizing of Lumber by Architects and Manufacturers—Institute and Government in Building Standardization—Biographical Sketch of Bert L. Fenner........._...........................................................................21-22 Interior Design—By George M. Niedecken (Illustrated).......„...................23 EDITORIALS—Another Reason Why Congress Should Act on City Plan—Threatened Abrogation of Contract by United States Government—The Architecture League of New York Objection to Criticism Probably Unauthorized—A New Way to Eliminate Building Dishonesty—Walter Cook—A Vital Art Spirit in New Orleans— Commercial Preparedness the Nation's Safeguard—Metric System Imperative for Foreign Trade Growth—February Building Phenomenally Prophetic..............................._.......................................28-29-30 The Works of Samuel Maclure.......................................................................30 The Chicago Architectural Exhibition of 1916...............................................32 EDITORIALS—San Francisco Lowers Building Ordinance Standard— Attempt to Extend Height of Buildings at Boston—Exclusive Automobile Highways Urged in Chicago—W. P. Ittner Resigns—Institute Executive Meets at Cincinnati—Le Brun Traveling Scholarship—Two Farm Building Pamphlets....................................38-46-47-48 Minneapolis Athletic Club (Illustrated)........................................................39 Passenger Stations, by Frank D. Chase, Architect (Illustrated)...............44 EDITORIALS—Influence of St. Louis on American Architecture— St. Louis Since the World's Fair..............................................................49 Jan. Jan. Jan. Feb. Feb. Feb. Mar. Mar. Apr. Apr. Apr. May May May June Subject Page St. Louis Old and New.............................................„......................____........._50 New Missouri Athletic Club._................................................._........................52 Development of St. Louis Brick Work—By Dr. George cTMars________156 A Tribute to St. Louis—By C. F. Johnson............................................._____62 St. Louis Architectural Club..................................................._........................94 EDITORIALS—Architects Paid for Brains, not Plan and Design—Boston and its Maximum Height Limit—High Price Peak in Building Materials—The Institute's Standard Contract Documents—St. Louis Clay Product Development—Institute President Presents Views to Congress—Illinois Architects Plan Material Standardization................................................................................. , ..101-102 "The Mint House," Pevensey, Sussex, England—By Robert B. Stacy- Judd, Architect..............................................................................__.......103 EDITORIALS—Architectural Success Through Office Training—Architects' Talent Receives Lay Recognition—The Passage of Engineers' License Bill a Public Menace—High Standard Set for Illinois Architects..................._....................................... _ 110-11 The Work of Elmer Grey, Architect—By Robert Craik McLean".'."" „ 112 EDITORIALS—A New Note in Domestic Architecture—Action, Not Conversation, Necessary to Complete Civic Plans—Zoning, Not Height Restriction, Most Important to Cities—As to the Fire Resisting Qualities of Gypsum— New York's High Building Ordinance Not Prohibitive— Co-Operation Between Office Managers and Architects—Becoming an Architec t by the Correspondence School Route.............................................................. 118-120 Public Responsibility for Architectural Tendency.......... _ 121 The American System of House Building.................. 121 Seek to End Jurisdictional Strikes............................... 123 Upholds New Frisco Building Provision. 124 New Illinois Chapter Officers Installed...................124 EDITORIALS—Professional Unity Aids Architectural Performance— Bi-Centennial of American Institute of Architects 125 The Growth of Detroit—By William B. Stratton _ 126 Detroit—The Industrial City—By Robert Craik McLean_______ 129 Factory Architecture in Detroit...... 138 Brick Output in Detroit...................................[........L™I"""""!!!!"™™!"~™139 EDITORIALS—Institute Endorsement of State Registration—Inviolability Necessary to Civic Plan Preservation—Unwise Chapter By-Law Proposed—Thirty Years of Futile Smoke Prevention Effort— Immunity From War Hazards Should be Convention Keynotel42-143 The American Institute of Architects—By Robert Craik McLean 144 Australian Parliament Building Competition................................................145 EDITORIALS—The Fiftieth Convention of the A. I. A.—A White Pine Excursion............................................. 148-154 New Public School Buildings of Louisville—By:"f."Eari Henry151 Notes on the A. I. A. Convention—By R. C. McLean 150 June June June June June July July Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Nov. Nov. Nov. Dec. Dec. Dec. THEWESTERN ARCHITECT A NATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND ALLIED ARTS, PUBLISHED MONTHLY VOLUME 24 JULY, 1916 NUMBER 1 There is a larger proportion of ultimate Architects loss in the construction of residences PaNot^r* through the firmly seated belief of the and Design average layman that the plan represents the services for which he pays an architect, than from any other detail connected with the investment. This loss is then as erroneously charged to "deterioration," when it is directly the result of a lack of skilled control in the carrying out of contracts and the purchase of materials. , Aside from the constant annoyance and expense occasioned by bad planning and unsuitable or inferior materials, both the mortgagor and purchaser of residence property have become extremely critical. A fumed oak trim and a coat or two of paint does not satisfy his close inspection. He finds that the yellow is beginning to show through the "nickel plated" bath fixtures, the springs in the "solid bronze" hardware are broken, the kitchen sink is not properly fitted and its height and breadth is not suited to its use or location. A "thousand and one" like, and singly, insignificant, details, added to insecure foundations or carelessly shingled roofs, depreciate the value of the house, and with no relation to the plan which is supposed to be the one thing needful in the construction. Yet the plan is but a memorandum and has much the relation to the commission of the architect as the drummers' order book has to the goods paid for. This obsession in regard to the status of the plan has flooded the country with those of the mail order variety until but one residence in every two hundred in most cities are planned by professional men. That the one hundred and ninety-nine have defects that skilled advice would have avoided at a saving rather than an increase in cost, is only another way of proving that "only one person in a hundred thinks." A movement to redistrict residential districts in Boston and the appointment of a commission for that purpose, Boston and its Maximum , . . Height Limit led to an assertion last month that an attempt was being made to extend the maximum height of buildings. We were not so greatly interested in the particular situation in Boston as in deeming it our duty to resist any attempt in Boston or any other city to extend building height after a limit had been once fixed. Therefore, we did not state that Boston's maximum was one hundred and twenty-five feet and in speaking of the limit say specifically that "ten years ago the city was divided into two districts. residential and otherwise, and in the residential district the height was limited to eighty feet, or two and one-half the width of the street." Neither did we take the trouble to explain that, as a correspondent states, "since that time business has extended into some of the so-called residential districts, and as this redistricting expired by limitation at the end of ten years, a new Commission was appointed to establish new district lines and the probabilities seem to be that this new Commission will greatly extend the area in which buildings can be erected to a greater height than one hundred and twenty - five feet." Probably, next to any interference with established limitation, unless to secure a still further reduction in height, is the danger of yielding to the encroachments of one district upon another and attempting to adjust such heights. The Boston situation is, fortunately, in the hands of architects of probity and ability in an advisory capacity and whether as our correspondent states in the section quoted, the height may be extended, or that, as another paragraph states, "There has been no move started since 1892 to vary the maximum limit of one hundred and twenty-five feet," it is safe to believe that Boston will retain as it has been for ten years, the most logical limitation law among American cities. That the prices for structural material High Price have reached a maximum is the pre-BiiUding vailing opinion among material concerns. Materials The shortage of materials and delays in shipments which has seriously affected large building enterprises, has been largely attributed to increased factory and residence construction not only in cities of the first class, but in the smaller towns in the East and Middle West. But the cause of this difficulty in obtaining materials lies along other lines. Probably the greatest factor is in the curtailment of output, occasioned by the scarcity of labor, both skilled and unskilled. In the brick and cement factories machines lack skilled operators and in the railroad yards at points of delivery, cars stand for days waiting to be unloaded through scarcity of laborers. At a time when there are less strikes and lock-outs in the building trades than has been known at this season for years, work drags, or is at a stand-still, because there are not hands enough to supply the demand. Another cause for high prices is found in the attitude of contractors who, though eager for future business, will not shade prices on a firm and presumably rising, market. This also decreases the number of contractors, Page 101 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT JULY : ,916 The Instituted Standard Contract Documents as those who formerly depended on close competition for contracts are finding that others who have reputations for fine execution and stability are gaining most of the business. Owners who pay the cost, through the strong market for rentable space, are more concerned with their constructions being finished without delay than in seeking the cheapest, and therefore the most precarious bid. Contractors, in turn, are careful from whom they take business, as any financial difficulty of the owner is too apt to tie up equipment and material at a time when scarcity of labor and material both make every day valuable. Reducing these several aspects to an equasion, we find an exceptionally healthy condition, both for the legitimate investor, the material dealer and the contractor, especially as a comparison of last year's exceptionally low prices and those obtained the first half of this year, will show that the difference is not as great as might be imagined. In fact, in the price of brick, hollow tile, and other burned clay materials there has not been a very large advance. It's in structural steel and other steel products that the larger advance is noted. A maximum in these is now probably approaching if not already reached. It is gradually dawning upon the contractors, and also owners, that in the standard documents formulated and issued by the American Institute of Architects they have the most equitable and "legal" articles of agreement ever placed at their disposal. When the first document, the Uniform Contract, was evolved some twenty-five years ago, through the assiduous labors of a joint committee of the American Institute of Architects and the National Association of Builders the contractors had confidence in it because it was placed before them through action of their representative body. It was the architects who, reluctant to lay aside the cut and dried contracts produced by their own lawyers, were; slow to use the new and equitable form. It has taken almost twenty years to place it in anything like universal use among architects. With these other documents it is different. The contractor is businessman enough to see that the best legal talent in the country has been used in their formulation and the exchanges have generally recommended their use. They contain a condensation of legal security that few of them could obtain and so clearly presented that a general use will soon make them standard in fact and in the courts as well as in name. The result of such standardization will be a simplifying of the contractors' business even beyond the most sanguine hopes of the authors, the American Institute of Architects. As against the monopolistic manufac-Hiinois turers-advertising agencies-Stevens-As- D,ArC^t6.CtS i hurst bill for controlling the market in Plan Material ° standardization standard materials the supposed benefits are reached without the injurious features in the materials standardization project of the Illinois Society of architects. This contemplates the preparation of specifications from a technical standpoint which will guarantee the quality of workmanship and material without the use of trade names, making perfectly open specifications for all legitimate manufacturers, dealers and contractors. From the architects' standpoint such a specification would relieve him of much detail work and inspection, the working over specifications for many successive commissions and eliminate many of the causes for controversy, while it ensures the owner a construction of standard quality. From the manufacturers' point of view one of the great benefits of such a standardization would be the elimination of much of the sharp, and often dishonest competition on the part of contractors who, detecting in a specification some incomplete definition will substitute a cheaper and undesirable material. The sponsor for the plan in the Illinois Society of Architects, Emery Stanford Hall, claims for it that "the use of such standard specifications would allow contractors and material men by experience to become familiar with the exact requirements of specifications and would therefore put them in a position to quickly and accurately rate costs on work submitted to them for estimate." Institute President Presents Views to Congress John Lawrence Mauran is proving a most active president of the Institute. He is not only persistently following out the policy of the Institute in its endeavor to elevate and refine things architectural in the United States but with a clear business sense of what can be accomplished is placing the attitude of the Institute before the proper Congressional and Senate committees in a manner that impresses the solons. His arguments against a Washington Plan desecration and his protest in the name of the Institute in regard to the passage of Bill 5854 before the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds not only gave its members a clear view of the consequences that would follow hasty action but enlightened those gentlemen exceedingly upon the commercial and political value of acquiescence with the architects' views. This work of congressional education so well commenced by such past-presidents as Burnham, Gilbert, Carrere, Post and others is ably and energetically carried on by the present incumbent. In some respects Cleveland, Ohio, is in advance of all other cities in the public activities of its architects. Not to go back to the work of Levi T. Scofield in his great work of sculpture, in which he donated his services, in the execution of the war memorial that is a distinctive feature of the city park, the architects' impress upon civic affairs commenced when the Cleveland Architectural Club in conjunction with the Architectural League of America projected the Civic Plan now being worked out by the city. These draftsmen, now practicing architects, in co-operation with other professionals are leading in those activities that will make their city noted for its beauty and livable qualities. The latest, and from a point of history, unique assay into public affairs is the appointment of architects to co-operate with the county auditor to classify buildings for tax appraisal purposes. THE WESTERN ARCHITECT JULY : : : 1916 Page 102 ^fhs Mini 'Mo^m/J 'F^mmzy, gmsej^ ^aglmid Looming through the mist of time to an indefinite birth, nor seared by the hand of man in his thirst for change, and withal nestling in the rustic simplicity of an unspoiled old English village, stands one of those gems of medieval domestic architecture which serve to light the tortuous paths upon which the earnest Master Builder must wend his way. No "House With a Thousand Candles" is this, no mansion with intricate windings and a lordly halo, but an edifice, small and unpretentious, even humble, in its poise. Peaceful and calm, yet with a watchful eye ever sweeping a coast line of eractic disposition, reposes this ancient dweller of bricks and mortar, quietly enjoying memories which fill a thousand years and more. And as the channel waters frolic at its feet it snugly ensconses itself within the circle of a few old friends and recounts the many stirring and interesting incidents of its youth and middle age. When but a babe, a Roman-comented-cobble-walled, ungainly sturdy hut, it recalls how the lusty sons of a now decadent power, labored within its walls to mold unwieldy coin of the realm for their despotic masters. And later it heard the discordant voices of a Roman multitude, who strived to cultivate those new-found shores -but that was in the past, the murky, hazy past, when it was but an embryo. Clearer and stronger comes the sound from ten thousand lusty throats, under the leadership of William the Conqueror, as his warriors storm the giant walls of Pevensey Castle, hard by. And again rings the sound of the mint -and again, and again, hence the reason for its present cognomen—"The Mint House." Its fame as a minting house spread through the reigns of William the Conqueror, 1066-1087-William Rufus 1087-1 100, and King Stephen 1 135-1 154. Small reason this ancient laughs to scorn the rasping voice of the unbeliever, for at least four of the coins from those periods repose in the British Museum. True its claim to minting in the days of the Romans is not authenticated, yet its listeners are ever charitable, and why not? Does not Time demand respect? And Time has long been its friend. The successes of a later life served to alleviate the bitterness it felt when its embryo self was forced to accept the company of a host of indifferent domiciles in the year 490 A. D., although the next three hundred years of stirring events served to create a certain amounl of sympathy for the unwelcome associates, so in the year 780 A. D. it condescended to become one of them and the hamlet was given the name of Pevensey, which name, with stoic indifference, it still retains. With a wistful eye it glances a few hundred yards to the west and smiles upon the ruins of a once mighty castle, built upon the site of the Roman castle of An-derida, then shifts its gaze to those mighty walls, twelve feet thick, of the Roman Fortress which was built in the year 300. Its eye slowly and sadly travels over the long narrow bricks, bound together with cement and the blood of bullocks, and it murmurs "My oldest friend." It harkened back to the time when the border line of youth was crossed, and how the hand of Time and the needs of man fashioned the erstwhile mint house. In that red-letter year. 1342 A. D., it received its present shape and size, and for a period of two hundred years it enjoyed an unruffled calm, then in the year 1542 A. D. the magic hand of Doctor Andrew Borde gave to it a renewed life which promises to span to many centuries to come. I cannot help but think of that picturesque court figure of the royal quack, with his whimsical antics, his wit and brilliant repartee, his learned literary works, his versatility, his intimate friendship with two kings, and his death as a prisoner in the Fleet in I 549 A. D. It ceases to recount and is lost in reverie, and no doubt as it thinks it sees the varied life of social turmoil Continued o:i Page 105 COLORED FRESCOED ROOM IN MINT HOUSE PEVENSEY SUSSEX ENGLAND :: :: COLORED FRESCOED ROOM IN MINT HOUSE PEVENSEY, SUSSEX, ENGLAND :: :: Page 103 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT JULY : . ,9,6 PURE OIL COMPANY FILLING STATION, MINNEAPOLIS. MINNESOTA • AN ARTISTIC EXAMPLE OF AUTOMOBILE FILLING STATION MANY OF WHICH ARE NOW BEING ERECTED THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY THE WESTERN ARCHITECT JULY -. : 1916 enacted within its walls during those long, long years, so let us glance upon its beauty while thus it rests. A decade ago those black oak half-timbered walls lay hidden behind a covering of vertical tiles, and so it was within, yet in the place of a cloak of tiles the walls were covered with lath and plaster, and it was reserved for idle curiosity of the modern human being to unveil the long hidden beauty. The entrance hall is an emblem of the open-arm welcome so indubitably associated with the old English spirit, with its leaded light casement windows, half-timber work and oak beam ceiling. To the left of the entrance hall, is a magnificent dining-room lavishly panelled and beamed. The beautiful carved over-man- THE MINTING CHAMBER tel and fireplace, although very old, are not part of the original structure, yet the Sussex fire-back easily lulls one back to the realms of antique-dom. Of the twenty-eight rooms in the Mint House, the carved oak panel room on the right of the entrance hall, is undoubtedly the one deserving pre-eminence. It contains a beautiful example of domestic renaissance oak wainscoting. Molded and carved diamond shaped panels surmount the vertical subpaneling of particularly graceful lines. The carved over-mantel is divided into two parts, each panel representing a leviathan with an elaborate tail, and a stippled background. The probable date of these carvings is 1461 A. D. The ceilings in this and most of the other rooms, are beautiful examples of legitimate oak beam and joist work. ANDREW BORDE'S BEDROOM By climbing a tortuous and narrow oak staircase to the second floor, built in the days when staircases were looked upon merely as a bare necessity, a long and narrow paneled corridor is gained. From thence a number of rooms communicate, all wealthy in half-timbered and frescoe-covered walls. The West bedroom, shown in the pen and ink sketch, is a fine example of the crude colored frescoed walls, so highly prized by lovers of the Early English mural work. Adjoining this room is the erstwhile bedroom of the famous historical character, one Andrew Borde, court physician to King Henry VI11 and Edward VI and to this merry sawbones, who later in life developed into court jester and was the original of the now famous cognomen "Merry An- PART OF OLD KITCHEN drew," is due the credit for the present artistic edifice. This versatile quack frequently entertained King Edward VI, the room he occupied is shown in one of the sketches and is known as the "King's Room." The quaint frescoes and the oak paneling, with an utter disregard for the plumb and level of things, renders this the endearing spot. At one period each wall was fully decorated in rich colors, but for some reason, probably owing to a decoration tax, these panels were plastered over about two centuries ago, although during the restoration (within the last decade) much of the color work was again brought to light. In one of these panels a curious motto appears which reads: "Give of of that little to my brethren." The first "of" is evidently an error and should have been "ye." KING EDWARD VI'S BEDROOM SHOWING FRESCOES Page 105 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT JULY • ; : 1916 By means of another staircase, narrow and steep, access is obtained to the baronial-like Servants Hall (see sketch), with the typical period ingle-nook fireplace and Sussex Fire Back. This ingle-nook was bricked up from some remote period until the recent restoration. Large pantiles cover the floor, and, combined with the deeply recessed windows, this room' enraptures one— small wonder why so many wealthy people select this apartment as a model. It has been duplicated in many parts of the country. We then come to the Kitchen, which is typical of the ancient English homes. Tile and brick floor, deeply recessed ingle-nook fireplace, jack and pot-hooks, an oak seat on either side of the nook and an enormous flue. Oak beamed and joisted ceiling, built low, and a wide leaded light casement window with huge oaken door posts finishes a description of the fashion of a regrettable past. Passing through a door, seen in the background of the sketch, we arrive in the cobbled-wall enclosure, from which is derived the name of the entire structure—The Mint. This portion of the building is the oldest and rests in modest contentment in the knowledge that it established glory long prior to the days of merry King Hal. The great chimney of the original mint furnace still remains, although repairs at various times have slightly altered its appearance and the fireplace has been bricked up. After the erection of the Pevensey Castle, a subterranean passage was built from the Mint House to the Castle (see sketch of "Mint House,'' a hole in lower fore-ground indicates entrance to underground passage). Near the center of the sketch can be seen a ledge, some eight feet off the floor, with a doorway to the rear of the ledge. This doorway leads to seven secret rooms. SAINT LOUIS' CLAY-PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT Just how it happened that clay deposits of excessive depth and rich in color and texture came to be formed where the city of Saint Louis is located, is given to the geologist for answer. The development of these clay-beds must certainly be credited to the genius as well as the enterprise of some of her citizens. The camping ground of La Salle and those other adventurers who canoed along the Mississippi shores became the nucleus of a settlement in 1764, and in 1823 this had grown to a city of 4,000 and was incorporated. In this growing interval some brick were made, but it took the warning of the great fire of 1849 to turn public attention and private enterprise in the direction of brick production and construction. Already the city had grown to be the Western metropolis because it was from this point that the overland trail started that was distributing its pioneers over the new empire beyond, but the rush for California that was at its height in the year of the fire accelerated a growth that today places Saint Louis the fourth city in the Union. The visitor to Saint Louis is early impressed with the attractiveness of its dwellings, from the mansion in town to the bungalow in the suburbs. And they are largely built of brick. Brick in every variety and text- ure. In fact a brick city, for these clay deposits of a glacial epoch have been developed with its growth until the manufacture of clay products has become perhaps the largest of her industries. The total manufacture of clay in Saint Louis, which includes every form of product except pottery from common brick to terra cotta, constitutes over seventy per cent of the total clay product output of the state, one of the most important clay working states in the country, its face-brick production ranking fifth, firebrick and ornamental brick, third, and enamel brick second, in the nation's clay manufacture. In consequences, it is very natural that St. Louis should from the beginning develop along the lines of brick architecture. Back in 1820 there was already a strong tendency in this direction in replacing the original crude structures of the earlier settlers. Among the various industries in the town at that period two brick manufacturers are named, showing that the clay deposits had already been discovered and utilized. In the years that followed brick became more and more the predominant building material until, after the great fire of 1849, it became almost exclusively used. The visitor to the city who is impressed by the extensive use of brick is also impressed by its beauty and the artistic way in which it has been handled. It was very natural that the builders of the city, provided in abundance with this natural material, should come to recognize its peculiar merits and excel in its use. St. Louis architects have made fame for themselves by the success with which they have employed the brick unit in designing the wall surface. Not only are the architectural lines of the entire building done with taste and ANDERSON LAUNDRY. ST. LOUIS CHAS. H. WRAY. ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT JULY : : : 1916 Page 106 Types of Architecture - Oil and New - St. IL^tiis, OTIS OFFICE BUILDING J. L. WEES. ARCHITECT DETAIL, RICE RESIDENCE LA BEAME ft KLEIN. ARCHITECTS OLD DOORWAY. COTTON EXCHANGE DETAIL. HOLMES RESIDENCE J. P. JAMIESON, ARCHITECT RIDGLEY HALL, WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. ST. LOUIS COPE & STEW A RTSON, ARCHITECTS WATER WORKS R. R. STATION AT BADEN. ST. LOUIS ROTH & STUDY. ARCHITECTS :: Page 107 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT JULY : : ; ,916 TEMPLE ISRAEL. ST. LOUIS BARNETT. HAYNES a BARNETT. ARCHITECTS :: NULSON BUNGALOW :: MARITZ a HENDERSON. ARCHITECTS artistic understanding, but the natural color effects of the brick units are blended in such a way as to produce the most pleasing results. Here perhaps we find light brick surfaces essentially monotone, and yet slightly diversified by delicate shadings accentuated by bond pattern and joint. Or it may be we come upon an exceedingly refined blending of allied tones which enliven the wall surface. Again, it may be, the visitor finds a rough textured brick of considerable range in color-tone blended into an extremely attractive polychrome. No small part of the attractiveness of residential St. Louis lies in the fact that the majority of the houses are detached and stand upon their own particular spots of green, surrounded by trees and shrubbery. A still more distinctive feature of the city's beauty is found in what are known as Places. They consist of broad parkways, shut off at either end from the general traffic MARGARET R. KINCAID MEMORIAL DRINKING FOUNTAIN :: NANCY COONSMAN. SCULPTORESS HUGO K. GRAF. ARCHITECT :: :: by splendidly designed gateways and adorned with fine landscape gardening effects. The houses that line these parkways are naturally of an elaborate and costly type and in their assembled variety make a very striking and stately appearance. The visitor thus may suddenly find himself removed from the ordinary noise of the busy streets and find himself in the midst of a beautiful attractive park surrounded by fine distinctive homes. The growth of the brick industry in St. Louis received its greatest impetus in the early sixties when Mr. E. C. Sterling brought to the city the newly invented Ethan Rogers Hydraulic Press for the manufacture of a high-grade of face-brick. This was the basis of the Hydraulic-Press Brick Company, which was incorporated in 1868, and which with its various branches has grown into the largest manufacturer of face-brick in the world. Before the introduction of the Hydraulic presses, there had been several crude brick machines tried out without success, and, the brick on the market may be said to have been entirely hand-made. The famous St. Louis "Stock Brick" had its origin in this method, but it was moulded somewhat larger than stock size and then after burning was rubbed to gauge on the flat side of a grind stone. These "Stock Brick" were subsequently manufactured by the Hydraulic press. Among the brick machines tried out, other than the Hydraulic, the most curious was the so-called Beater. Molds filled with clay revolved upon a disc under a series of hammers which were lifted by power and then dropped by gravity upon the clay-filled molds. Although the evident attempt in the use of this machine was to produce a hard compact brick, the only result was a brick THE WESTERN ARCHITECT JULY : : >9'6 Page 108 HOTEL PANTLIND. GRAND RAPIDS. MICHIGAN WARREN a WETMORE. ARCHITECTS. NEW YORK CITY THE WESTERN ARCHITECT JULY : 1916 MEZZANINE FLOOR. HOTEL PANTLIND, GRAND RAPIDS. MICHIGAN WARREN a WETMORE, ARCHITECTS, NEW YORK CITY :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT JULY : : : 191S LOBBY HOTEL PANTLIND. GRAND RAPIDS MICHIGAN WARREN 6c WETMORE. ARCHITECTS. NEW YORK CITY THE WESTERN ARCHITECT JULY LOBBY BED ROOM MEZZANINE ROOM MEZZANINE ROOM HOTEL PANTLIND GRAND RAPIDS MICHIGAN WARREN & WETMORE. ARCHITECTS. NEW YORK CITY Tub WESTERN ARCHITECT JULY t 1 <* \ *> CITY NATIONAL BANK. EVANSVILLE. INDIANA MUNDIE a JENSEN. ARCHITECTS. CHICAGO. ILLINOIS THE WESTERN ARCHITECT JULY : 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT JULY : : : 1916 INTERIOR CITY NATIONAL BANK. EVANSVILLE. INDIANA MUNDIE & JENSEN. ARCHITECTS. CHICAGO. ILLINOIS THE WESTERN ARCHITECT JULY : : ¦. |9)6 INTERIOR CITY NATIONAL BANK. EVANSVILLE. INDIANA MUNDIE & JENSEN. ARCHITECTS. CHICAGO. ILLINOIS THE WESTERN ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT JULY : '916 I mm* THE WESTERN ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT JULY : = : 19,6 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT JULY '916 residence of i. b. rosen garten. chicago. illinois mildner & eisen. architects. detroit. michigan THE WESTERN ARCHITECT THEW ESTER.N ARCHITECT A NATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND ALLIED ARTS, PUBLISHED MONTHLY VOLUME 24 AUGUST, 1916 NUMBER 2 There should be no argument upon the now, through commercial activity and the preponder-Aichitectural relative results of an architectural school ance of architectural schools, taken out of the hands of ThrraghOffice education as against an entirely office the many but still assiduously practiced by the few. Training training in the development of a prac- The architectural prominence of Elmer Grey, the pupil ticing architect. It is the underlying of Clas of Milwaukee, is but one example of the success genius for the craft, after all, that tells the story of artis- that will attend the architect who devotes time to the tic success or medicore production. In one should be found training of those whom he employs rather than to seeing a correctness of grammar, a smoothness as to form, an how much work (and for how little pay) he can obtain adherence to type. In the other imagination and a from their service, certain virility and impressiveness that is individual, is the dominating result. In the works of Elmer Grey, At the recent commencement exercises which we illustrate, this latter feature is exemplified, Architects of the University of Michigan Mr. Cass though the grammatical construction and proportionate RecehresLay Gilbert received the honorary degree of correctness is not lacking. It may be that locality, Recognition Doctor of Laws. That members of the even climate and natural surroundings, have much to architectural profession are receiving do with the making of a notable designer in architecture. recognition for exceptional erudition beyond the prov-It is certain that in the Middle West, centered at Chi- ince of their vocation, is one of the most hopeful signs, cago and it's environs, there has sprung into being a that, as a profession, architecture is becoming recognized preponderance of artistic conception in architectural by the layman as something beyond the mere practice design that finds its superiority for purpose and art oi an art. For this reason, or rather because of it, the value nowhere else. And while the most noted of these pronouncement of the president of the Illinois Society men whose works have attracted the attention, inspired of Architects in regard to the establishment of a post the thought and too often the gross imitation, of their graduate college of architecture is pertinent. The confreres the world round, is a graduate of the Paris present course in architecture in the schools aims to Beaux Arts, many of those others who are making produce professional men in four years. As has been architectural history never attended a college of archi- shown in the case of Mr. Grey, it took nine years of tecture. The answer seems to be that first the ability, practical work accompanied by assiduous study and the spark of genius was there. 11 probably never would trayel tQ place him &t ^ point whenc£ he ventured upQn have developed into a full, shining light without the A i • • , i, i ¦ i t c 11 nls career. And this with an exceptionally bright office training its possessor secured under a capable . .. , . . , . „, ' . ... ii- •¦•/-!• intellect and a genuis tor his art. 1 he average student and generous architect. In this training in Chicago . . , . , . ,. , . , , . . . in the average school devotes a certain amount or time there is one name that is credited with their ultimate sue- . , , , , i r i . to design, a little more to mathematics and the strength cess by a remarkable number ot her now most success- 5 5 ful practitioners, William LeBaron Jenney. An engi- of materials, and this, with a few problems with no neer by profession, an artist by instinct and a humani- foundation of fact to give them balance, constitutes his tarian by nature, on establishing an architectural practice equipment for practice. Many of these graduates do in Chicago after the Civil War, he at once began the not even know how to dimension a drawing and the theoretical as well as the practical training of his drafts- proper writing of a specification as unknown to him as men. In his office in those early days the drawing is construction or designing for utility, efficiency or from casts and from classical forms was as much the economy. Neither has he learned what is meant by duty of the apprentice as the inking-in of tracings of "proper service" in the interest of his client. Yet this work on the boards; while his talks upon architecture training is necessary and valuable as far as it goes. As and the other arts gave to the student the groundwork Mr. Davidson suggests, a post graduate course (and of a professional education. After him came Holabird, we would make it after rather than before four years of one of his pupils, and Root, whose year under Ware, at apprenticeship in an architect's office) of four years in Columbia and his training under Wight was the founda- a specially organized college would produce architects tion upon which his accomplishments were built. They that no school can hope to graduate under the present again passed on the work of making architects that is system. Page 110 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : : : 1916 There is an element almost sinister in izing architects specifications, while directly beneficial of'Erfgtneers the persistence with which the structural to the practitioner, is almost as strongly in the interest License Bill engineers of the state of Illinois seek for of the client. This too is constructive work of the a ic enace ]eg;sjatjve consent to practice the pro- highest order. The suggested organization of a "confession of architecture. It cannot be based upon a lack tractors credit bureau" is one that should not be set of knowledge of what is inolved in that practice. A aside as impracticable. Each architect has, or should profession that is most logical as well as mathematical have, a credit bureau of his own in which the rating is cannot pretend that it does not recognize the illogical according to the reliability as well as the honest perform-position which it assumes when it asks that it be per- ance of the contractor. The merging of these private mitted to enter the architectural field by a back gate observations into a bureau for the benefit of all would instead of that provided for those who design and erect eliminate one half the troubles as well as superintending habitations for men. It is past belief that these engi- expense of the architects' office, and, in the same ratio, neers can assume that because they are versed in the benefit his client. Mr. Davidson is slightly illogical strength of materials and the erection of framework when on one hand he advocates a post graduate college that at the same time they possess that knowledge of for architects and on the other deprecates the lack of plan, economy of space, purpose and even sanitation practical training in the architectural schools, but his that every architect must be conversant with before he position, that a higher standard of admission to prac-can do justice to his client, the public. That legislators tice should be required is right, though it is in advance are willing to listen to their pleadings for the right to of the present educational status of the profession. As render architectural services is not so strange. Many a summary of the needs as well as the ambitions of the of them do not know the difference or possess even an profession in Illinois this address should be read until idea of the work of either. Those who vote against the its suggestions are absorbed by every member of the passage of the requested law do so on the ground that profession in the State and a united support given each it is "class legislation," while those who are willing to movement that is advocated, grant the required privilege think it is but "fair all round." The State of Illinois for the past eighteen BOOK REVIEWS years has had an established law governing the practice The Law of Architecture and Building. By Clinton r i-. . d ji j r j .1 • t- i l H.Blake, Jr. The William T. Comstock Company, Publishers, New of architecture. Broadly defined this practice includes York canvas, six by nine inches, 352 pages. Price $3.00 the design and erection of buildings of every class. A compilation from legal decisions this volume is W.thout credentials from the state's representatives, as essentially a law book yet it is written so clearly that a Board of Examiners, it is illegal to practice architecture. tWugh itg freedom from technical phraseology it is This procedure is open to engineers as well as all others. " j c c l l l j " r. u. l ^ ^ .... a compendum ot useful knowledge tor the layman as If there were not some motive that is obscure, why do n ¦ • i . .1 i i r i-i we" as a guidance to the legal profession, engineers seek to evade the direct examination to which \t/l-i v j j ¦ j i „ , , , . . While it does not advise, nor yet pretend to make all would-be architectural practitioners are by law i- i •> •. i u i . ,i . r i i • i ¦ every man his own lawyer, it should be at the com-subiected. A mistake was made by the legislators in j r. n l l j vll u- r. u .-. . ., . . mand or all who have to do with building tor consultation permitting the passage of the law allowing engineers to j ¦ • j l l r ..l i i ^ • ¦ r a • ¦ r and guidance. It covers many phases ot the legal as-construct a certain class of buildings. A repetition of . t i •. . i .i . . . . pect or architectural practice that are as necessary to this mistake will destroy the entire barrier of safety r l -u- • c • 1 i . ii i sa'e building in a financial way as correct plans are to that has been laboriously constructed in the past for the •. . i i-. ti_ i ll r i ... . . its stability. 1 he law governing the acceptance ot plans protection of the lives and security ot the investments j .1 r ¦ i j . . iL .¦r t] ¦ ... , , , , anc> the finished structure, the certificate, the relation of the people they represent. , L.. . ¦ , .,, , or architect and owner, or the builder, and those prac-When the Western Association of Archi- tical points, like mechanics' liens, make a complete and High standard tects had been in existence but four illuminating treatise for the general and safe information nifaiois years the London "Builder" stated that of the practitioner in the ramified building art. Architects in that time it had projected and ac- In closing a special introductory note written for the complished more constructive work than author by Almar Embury II, that eminent architect, had the R. I. B. A. in its fifty years of activity. A says: "I am extremely glad to have this book to refer review of the address of F. E. Davidson, president of the to. In the first place I am going to fix the general Illinois Society of Architects, suggests the renewal of principles of the law in its relation to the architect, that virility which marked that association of Western builder and owner firmly in my mind, and in the second architects and which, in consolidation with the Institute, place by the use of the index I can discover what I gave it that renewed force upon which rests its great should do in any particular case where there is a possi-accomplishments of the past twenty-five years. His bility of trouble arising. Of course, in a case of actual society contemplates the revision of Chicago's building trouble, I shall still go at once to my lawyer, but I shall code, a gigantic task, and serious work for those who be able to go with my record perfectly clear, and with a give their time and talents to its accomplishment. It certainty that both the law and its interpretation will even goes further and will demand of the legislature the be on my side." An appendix contains decisions for enactment of a comprehensive building code for the State. reference and all the written rules and documents of The work now under way in the direction of standard- the American Institute of Architects. I THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : 1916 Page 111 In individualizing members of the architectural profession in the United States through such special issues as this of the Western Architect, it is almost inevtable that some retrospect of the growth and advancement of that profession be made. This growth, not perhaps actual, but apparent, has taken place in the last fifty years, its notable development occurring in a much lesser period. Forty years ago the architectural school was a negative quantity, the Beaux Arts at Paris being the educational goal of the professional aspirant, "i he neophyte, therefore, was largely dependent upon acquiring his education in the offices of practitioners. In New York, Richard Morris Hunt, and in Chicago, William Le Baron Jenney were the two architects who gave to the growth of the architects of the future the most careful study and self-sacrificing effort. And to them, and others of lesser note is due the credit for the place that American architecture holds in the world today. Their pupils have carried the architectural torch and in turn thrust it into other hands until their message has reached, with its influence, the farthest confines of our country. One of these architectural progenitors is John Calvin Stevens, of Portland, Maine, and another Alfred C. Clas of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and it is because of the labors of these two architects in that early day that we are privilieged to present the works of one of their pupils in the remarkable productions of Elmer Grey. Mr. Grey was born in Chicago on April 30, 1871. His education he received in the public schools of Milwaukee, where at an early age he entered the office of Alfred C. Clas as an architectural apprentice. When only eighteen years of age and in the third year of his apprenticeship, Mr. Grey achieved notice through winning first prize in a competition for a water-tower and pumping station offered by the "Engineering and Building Record" of New York. Among those submitting the fifty-six designs in this competition there were many well known architects, and the judges were John Wellborn Root, Edmund M. Wheelwright, Frank A. Wright, Amos J. Boyden and Dexter Brackett, Engineer of the Boston water works. This distinguished jury specially commended the practicability in the design, a knowledge which the young competitor had obtained through close inspection of the local water works. Architectural clubs will remember that they, as judges, some years later awarded Mr. Grey first prize in the American Architect competition for a "memorial for a young girl." This "apprenticeship to architecture" lasted nine years, three with Mr. Clas and six with Ferry and Clas, his principal having formed a partnership with George B. Ferry. In the later of those years Mr. Grey was ENGINEERING AND BYIlPINfc FtCCPP CC-nrETITION--- • A watei towifl pi 'Ad.ATlol' ftm TO Kf. bt1lt C? LOIAL BTOII kmumi m f. nimbi tflLffK ¦ !- SKETCH AT AUXERRE, FRANCE BY MR. GREY :: ::. :: ONE OF MR. GREY'S EARLY DESIGNS pp; doing considerable of the designing, which included work upon such important buildings as the Wisconsin State Historical Society Library, at Madison, and the Milwaukee Public Library. During these nine years Mr. Grey left the practical to study the theoretical and the past by taking three trips abroad. The first, and probably most valuable for its Page 112 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : ; : 1916 effect upon the developing talents of the student, was taken under the direction of John Calvin Stevens of Portland, Maine. Mr. Stevens, located in the most northeasterly section of the country, in a city where the draftsman could receive but a fraction of the inspiration presented by the larger cities, had given his thought, time and labor freely to the training of those so fortunate as to serve under him. With a wide knowledge of the continent and its medieval art, the bicycle tour which he inaugurated and conducted through France made a lasting impressiom upon the students of architecture who accompanied him, a number having become well known through their works, Albert Kelsey and Walter Price notably so. On this and subsequent trips, (always by bicycle and to remote and untravelled sections,) Mr. Grey made many excellent water colors, a number of which are in the permanent collection of The Art Institute of Chicago. In 1898 Mr. Grey established himself in practice in Milwaukee and one of his first works, his own summer home at Fox Point, with the approval of Frank Miles Day and Cass Gilbert, won for him a Fellowship in the American Institute of Architects. It was also during Continued on Page 11(1 r f K.D B«n f1>3 1 1 emjtm tt'2. 19 Si. THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : : 1916 Page 113 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : 1916 CHURCH OF THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE SOCIETY. MILWAUKEE. WISCONSIN :: :: ELMER GREY. ARCHITECT :: :: :: :: :: :: :: Continued from Page 11"i this time that his first Christian Science church, a line of work in which he afterward became notable, was designed. At the end of three years ill health obliged Mr. Grey to abandon practice, but two years later found him at Los Angeles in partnership with Myron Hunt, a collab-boration which lasted six years during which much important work was done throughout Southern California, notably the well-known home for Henry E. Huntington, Throop College of Technology in Pasadena and the extensive formal garden for G. W. Wattles at Hollywood. A dissolution of partnership with Mr. Hunt occurred in I910 and for the past six years Mr. Grey has practiced alone. Among his most important work while alone has been the Beverly Hills Hotel, First Church of Christ, at Los Angeles, First Church of Christ, Long Beach, extensions to the Wattles Garden in Hollywood, and additional work for Throop College of Technology. In his work, mass rather than detail, the successful grouping of parts and massing of units attract the attention and win the approval of the capable critic, while to the draftsman, his water colors and sketches are always a delight and an inspiration. THE STREET SIDE :: :: :: :: DESIGN FOR HOUSE SUBMITTED IN COMPETITION BY MR. GREY SKETCH FOR OCCIDENTAL COLLEGE. :: :: LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA :: :: :: :: MYRON HUNT AND ELMER GREY. ARCHITECTS ANNOUNCEMENT The October issue of The Western Architect will be a Detroit Number, devoted to the illustration of the best recent work executed by architects of that city. The rapid growth of Detroit as one of the most important industrial centers of the country has taxed the building industry of that city. Housing of the population attracted there by the opportunities for labor has been a real problem which even yet is by no means solved. In the development of the modern factory building the architects of Detroit have been exceptionally fortunate in securing the co-operation of manufacturing interests to build plants that have merit architecturally. As a result Detroit industries as a rule are not merely accommodated with a place to exercise their functions— they occupy plants which are of interest from the artistic side. In many of its office and store buildings, its small shops and its garages a similar interesting development is to be found. On the whole Detroit's business is peculiarly well housed and the illustrations of this class of structure we believe will be received with great interest. Of the splendid examples of residence architecture in Detroit it probably is not necessary to speak at length. The profession is familiar with the high type of work which has been executed there and will welcome the addition of much new material to that which already has been published. That which is true of residential architecture in Detroit, also applies to public buildings 4ft* i -um i r 1 THE GARDEN SIDE of all types which also are to receive thorough consideration in this issue. The architects of that city, without exception, have given freely of their co-operation and support to making the Detroit Number a splendid issue in which The Western Architect believes its readers will be deeply interested. UNIVERSAL USE OF METAL LATH Since the use of wood lathing in school buildings in the interest of better fire protection, the competition between the different metal substitutes has developed forms of varied excellence. The non-corosiveness of the metal, the form of mesh best adapted to holding the plaster, the ease of application, with a corresponding pliability in corners and for hanging ceilings, all have been given the attention of inventors under the most thorough investigation. It is probable that because of no one of these qualities, but a workable combination of all, that the expanded metal construction of the Northwestern Expanded Metal Company of Chicago has to its credit the large use of its expanded metal lath throughout the United States, such as the picturesque Alexandria Bungalow Court by Hinemann, or the Bible Institute by Walker and Vawter at Los Angeles, the high schools at Kansas City or Washington, D. O, the office buildings at Milwaukee or Louisville and active agencies in Australia, New Zealand, South America and other countries throughout the world. This means but one thing; that the metal lath of the Northwestern Metal Lath Company meets the requirements of each condition of climate or method of construction, not only in this country but everywhere that fire prevention and stability is a recognized requirement. An English architect, says The Architect, escaped liability for dry-rot in a floor by the defense that it was covered with a floorcloth which did not allow the dampness to evaporate; reinforced by the technical objection, which was upheld by the Sheriff, that the plaintiff was the wrong party to sue. When the subject of roofing was reached in considering the proposed Building Code for Nashville, Tennessee, it was decided that in case of fire inside the fire zone a loss of ten per cent of roof area would require the replacement of the roof with fire-proof shingles. THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : 191S Page 117 RESIDENCE OF MRS. M. C. RUSSELL, HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA ELMER GREY, ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : : 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : : : 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : : : 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : : : 1916 ELMER GREY RESIDENCE. PASADENA, CALIFORNIA ELMER GREY. ARCHITECT :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : : : 1916 ELMER GREY RESIDENCE. PASADENA, CALIFORNIA ELMER GREY. ARCHITECT i; THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : : 1916 VIEW FROM DININGROOM THROUGH HALL TO L1V1NGROOM ELMER GREY RESIDENCE, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA ELMER GREY, ARCHITECT :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT ^AUGUST : 1916 EXTENSION TO G. W WATTLES GARDEN. HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA ELMER GREY. ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : 1916 G. W. WATTLES GARDEN. HOLLYWOOD. CALIFORNIA DONE UNDER THE FIRM OF MYRON HUNT St ELMER GREY THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : : ,916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : : : 1916 BEVERLY HILLS HOTEL, BEVERLY HILLS, CALIFORNIA ELMER GREY. ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : : : 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT AUGUST : : : 1916 THEW ESTER.N ARCHITECT A NATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND ALLIED ARTS, PUBLISHED MONTHLY VOLUME 24 SEPTEMBER, 1916 NUMBER 3 As the Woolworth building may repre- and received from them a tentative layout or a "civic a New Note sent to future generations of architects commission' has even adopted a plan, we believe it is ^chrtMture a concrete example of our art in high only at Cleveland that this plan is regarded as much building design, so will those villages, more than „ 'scrap of paper" as far as definite action the Sage Foundation creation at Forest is concerned. No municipality has by ordinance made Hill or that at Rosemount, Long Island, place before that plan ^ definite fact upon its statutes and, as it the architectural student of the future an example of should be, as inviolable as the sewer system or plan of our best thought in domestic design. And in its effect water distribution on file in the city engineer's office, these presentations of what can be done by an en- Chicago will probably secure most of those improve-lightened conception of value in architectural art will ments laid down in the Burnham plan, but not because be far reaching. Few cities will see Woolworth it is beyond aldermanic and short sighted taxpayer building rising above its lesser neighbors, but the ex- interference, but because the large property owners ample set by the projectors of Forest Hill village will told Mr. Burnham fifteen years ago to go ahead and "by be followed by like enterprises from coast to coast. the Lord Harry we will see it through." Minneapolis, Here with no increase in cost, no waste of land or dif- (after The Western Architect, through its Gateway ficulty of construction, simply because architectural and Park competition and adoption of the plan, secured landscape engineering talent of a high order was em- through it by the Park Board,) obtained that plan ployed, an architectural dream city has risen on the through the munificence of a self-appointed commission sandy plain of Long Island. So effective, so harmonious of citizens. That was seven years ago. Since that and withal so perfectly composed is this collection of time the dust has gathered on those plans and obstruct-buildings for domestic use, that it proves to the ob- ing building continued until today it would require server as no other demonstration can, that there is ^ considerable alteration to even approximately follow real and vital spirit in architecture and that it can be them. And this with variations is the fate of most had for the asking. It is a poem in brick and stone, civic plan movements in this country. The causes are and as poetry is the essence of truth, so it becomes to various. The main obstruction to definite, legal adop-the sympathetic mind the true expression of archi- tion of any plan is the ignorance of the people regarding tectural spirit. This wonderful village is now unique. its benefits, its cost and the manner in which it will It should at once change the "carpenter-architect" be carried out. The combination of « few enlightened trend of cottage design, the patch-work-quilt form of and progressive citizens will procure a study of the cities' subdivision platting and its example followed wherever topography and necessities and because these plans the conditions of new ground and new dwellings makes have a news value, the daily papers especially their it feasible. To architects this village, the product of Sunday editions, will give them space if they do not architectural skill and enthusiasm, should be „. greater crowd out the comic supplement. But with this pre-source of inspiration than all the towering piles of sentation of plans its projectors are prone to consider Manhattan. their work finished when in fact it has but just commenc-. ... ed. They cannot hope for further publicity because The retention of an expert in civic i_r • ._ • .. ._ j tu c j c j Action, i i u j tne public is not interested. 1 hererore a dehnite and Not conversation, planning by a city is always heralded persistently foilowed plan Gf public education is the Necessary to as a signal advance in municipal growth. , . , . Complete . . .... next imperative step. Years must be given to this civic Plans 11 is at once made use or as advertising ... , , . r . , ill • until there is produced a dehnite public demand tor matter to convince the world that its . . ¦ . • j i .1 •, action through their representatives. It is then, and intention to reconstruct and arrange places the city so to be treated above its fellows in desirability. When not tlU then> that a clvlc Plan is worth more than a this indicates that a portion of the general public believe paragraph in the local happenings of a newspaper, in the practice as well as the theory of civic recon- Tne definite adoption of a civic plan by the constituted struction, it is hard to understand the civic improve- authorities and by enactment securing its permanency ment situation as it exists in most of those cities where beyond obstruction by selfish interests in the years of the preliminary steps have been taken. Of the many its evolution, is the only claim in this connection that large cities that have retained civic plan architects any city can make to municipal advancement. Denver, Page 118 the western architect september 1916 the latest city to seek a city plan and which-has retained but because architects are intelligent and practical. Mr. Bennett for that purpose, will do well to remember the profession in every city should lead in this movement that only through the thorough understanding of the toward orderly civic growth. The work is not so at-people of the city of its benefits and thus securing its tractive as civic planning, the laying out of the land-permanent adoption by the city, backed by State scape about, and the approaches to the civic house, legislative action, can it hope for anything but a record but the renovation and decoration of the interior will be of what might have been from the best efforts that Mr. a practical benefit in itself and perhaps prove the real Bennett and his principals can put forth. and feasible method of accomplishing by another method of attack what has so far so signally failed in accomplish-While New York has unique conditions ment—the faithful and persistent carrying out of a Not Height °f intensive building, in their general definite civic plan. m^tl. afrCt itS„h°ULsing pT0ble™ arer appl,;c- In the struggle to formulate systems of toCities able to all other cities. Therefore the Astothe construction that as far as possible will passage of the zoning and red.stncting T>'l^* resist fire action and not only the de-law is not only the most beneficial measure ever enacted of Gypsmn struction of tne material itself, but that in that city, but is far reaching in that it sets a general of ft combustible nature for which example for all other municipalities. That New York . . • . . .. • „ -i,i„ :_:„.»:__ t„ , ,. , , i f i i i protection is sought, it is possible to do injustice to has first discovered the value ot such a law does not ^ ^ . • i r .i • „„.,„ tu:„ ... . ii,, competent materials. One of these is gypsum. Ihis mean that there the people are more enlightened. It ^ . . . . , .,, , . . . . . . . i f i r 7 a material is incombustible and it is in its application that is only another example or the proneness ot the American c ¦ ._. i... j „ _ j j , . - ii i i- ¦ i i , lts "re resisting qualities are conserved or rendered people to drastically change conditions when they be- . - . . . , L1 .. ,i , , , , ,. . . „ ineffective. It is a most valuable agent in the securing come unbearable. Yet these conditions exist in all t a t ^-^ j • • j u a . . . . . , ., . ..... of fireproof partitions and is so recognized by the new large cities and can be corrected it the general public is , ., f 0 rr • l- u j a , , , ... . _ building ordinance ot San Francisco which admits the educated up to a sense ot power in their correction. On r i^lj i j r r . . . , , • i ¦ , use of gypsum plaster board upon metal studs tor parti-account of the lack ot precedent in this country the . .,. i • i l 1 l j- -j j .. fiT-ic- ia r tions within any space which by law may not be divided. Commission ot Height, oize and Arrangement of -r, . , r .... _ .... ,, r ... . . , , this secures the use ot an inexpensive partition con-Buildings first studied the entire question trom the . . , „,„ c £ , ., ,. ... , i i i r , • struction in class A or hreporot buildings in that city, ground up, giving attention to the details ot everything „m., tI ,. ,., . t, c i l j • , i i i i • » • i ii ii While the ordinance prohibits the use ot plaster board in that had been done in America or abroad that had any , , r i . u i ¦¦¦ j i , . . r i i • -ri • r ii i elevator shatts and in walls and ceilings around elevator bearing on any phase ot the subject. 1 his was followed , f , in i r t\ i • i . , , , ... . . . ... shatts, the code allows the use ot gypsum with brick, by a survey ot local conditions as they existed, realizing ¦ i r t a i ¦ i , , , , r • • concrete or terra cotta in the form ot masonry. A bid that whatever was imposed by way ot restriction must r i i i i i ... . . . , „ .. tor better construction is also made by placing gypsum be through a reasonable exercise ot the Mate police , , i i , ¦ r t i i i-., . .. , iiii plaster board on metal studs in non-hreproot buildings power with a view and intention ot conserving the health, . . , . . . . , .. . r , . iir ri rt-iAf on a parity with metal lath and excluding the use ot satety and general welfare ot those affected. After i i i -yi • • • i i i kt ¦ i . . . . -ii i i- • r wood lath. 1 his parity is recognized by the (National this paramount object was attained the stablizing ot r, i r r- 11 i • i • i i ¦ i r . i i ¦ r • • Board ot rire Underwriters which admits the use ot property values or the enhancing ot investment interests . , , . . . r . . . ... , iiii metal lath or gypsum plaster board as hre resistive ma-was given full consideration. It was probably the ¦ i i i • i i i i • i , ,. . , . , , , , , terials when each is plastered to the same grounds with unanamous belief that the law would have a wonder- , r ii i r ¦ i rr 1 Li- ¦ r i gypsum plaster, tully beneficial eftect in the stablizing ot real estate values that obtained its acceptance and enforcement The recent passage of the Building Act by the municipality. Commencing three years ago New York's by the Board of Estimates of New with a public sentiment strongly against so radical Ordinance York City as far as it refers to high interference with private rights of property, it is now Not Prohibiti™! buildings will probably have as little generally felt that the law is going to have a marked effect upon the "skyscraper" industry effect upon living conditions, adding greatly to the in New York as such legislation has had in other cities, general convenience and comfort as well as the financial 11 will, however, fulfill the real purpose of its passage, the prosperity of the people. And this same program can stopping of unrestricted construction of high lofts and be followed and with like success in any other city. As other haphazard development inimical to the surrounding in the case of New York the work must be done by a property. This is accomplished in the zoning plan commission of citizens, recognized leaders in their which separates by definite lines residence, industrial respective callings, and those in whom the public has and business areas, according to use, height and area, full confidence and who are willing to give lavishly of Under the law buildings as high as the Woolworth may their best thought and time to the interests of their be erected if the site faces a park. In other localities city. Though the effect of such a law on the appearance twice the width of the street, or 200 feet may be con-of a city must be of slow growth, its more immediate structed, and then with a set back tower, that may be result is in the order and harmony it will introduce and, of 50 by 100 feet dimensions, the structure may be more important, perhaps, it will incline the average carried up ad infinitum. And if this does not give suf-citizen to think more of city matters tending to better ficient latitude to the high office building projector citizenship. Not so much because they are architects, Continued to Page 120 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEMBER : 1916 Page 119 Continued from Page IV.) there is always the special permit of the city council and the injunction of the courts to give relief. But in fact this restricting ordinance does not contemplate the abolition of the skyscraper or the driving of industrial and business establishments out of the city. Its main object and that upon which it received the endorsement of architects, real estate investors and owners is to prevent the interference of one kind of business with another and the banishing of a certain form of apartment house and lofts from residence sections. While this aspect of the act is a business one. it involves beneficent amendments in regard to light areas, courts and uninterrupted sunlight that make it the best building ordinance that New York has evolved. Even if the powerful interests of those owning Fifth and Madison avenue property succeed in securing an amendment to the portion affecting those interests these other provisions will probably stand. This is but a hope, not a certainty for the American prople have not yet become disbelievers in the sacredness of property rights and councils and courts will invariably take the side of the individual right as against the best interests of the people as a whole. This is no more true to New York than in other cities. It is not so long since Minneapolis' attempt to regulate the height of future buildings in the interest of the next generation was defeated by the influence of one investor, and he not a resident of the city. Such ordinances as that passed in New York may restrict, tho they will not prohibit the erection of abnormally high buildings. The most effective feature is in the zoning plan which tends toward placing the benefit of order before the people. To those financially affected, the damage through unrestricted use of property should in time bring a realization of the wisdom of reasonable restriction. The interesting paper read before a co-operation convention of the National Association Between Office r n -i i- r\ 1 k k l Managers and of Building Owners and Managers by Architects Thomas R. Kimball, Architect of Omaha, has a number of suggestions that may well occupy the attention of his brother professionals. His plea was for direct co-operation between the client and the owner in the planning of office buildings. At first glance this idea is not exactly new. Most architects know the value of the "plan" submitted by the residence client (usually made by his wife,) that gives him an insight into the exact needs of that client and when followed intelligently leads to the production of a satisfactory house. But to advance this practice to the designing of a skyscraper is usually another matter. Yet it is logical. As a matter of fact, it is the clients, and not the designer's story that is to be told in any structure. The fact is told by the client, the architect puts it into grammatical form and adds such side features as the main fact suggests; yet that is vastly different from his evolving a "story" out of his inner conciousness and handing it to the client. Therefore the closer the collaboration between the man with the story and the juggler with expression, the better the design and plan. Then, again, all architects, no matter what their ability, do not know the building-use end of the proposition. In the residence he has a general knowledge through the similarity of life in most communities. His office building knowledge must be acquired by close study and experience. There is an architect in the United States who can explain more of the symbols of the English Church edifice than the Bishop knows. The building manager can sit at the feet of some architects, but not many. Yet close co-operation between bishop or manager and his chosen architect will produce results that will best serve the symbolic ideas of the one to the revenue producing demands of the otktfr. Covering the argument and at the same time serving as a dictum applicable to all professional performance Mr. Kimball says: "The architect for important work should always be appointed by direct selection—never by competition. His performance and record should outweigh all other considerations. He must have knowledge, ability, experience and integrity. He must have all these and still be easy to work with without losing firmness in his convictions. He must be well equipped, too, for his calling today is so ramified that his office must be able to handle intelligently a great number of widely different sciences." To the architect Mr. Kimball's advice is directly practical. To the building manager it is of the greatest value where it recommends the employment of experienced men. To both it is insistent upon the absolute necessity of co-operation between architect and client for the evolution of a paying investment and a structural ornament to the city of its location. Recognizing that proper training must Becoming an form the basis for all success in execu-Architect by the {i nQ matter wnat talent or even Correspondence School Route genius the neophyte may possess, this acquired, aptitude and opportunity should govern the result. In architecture the desire for theoretical training comes in general to several classes, the larger being that of youth seeking a vocation commensurate with his inclinations and supposed talents. To him the architectural school is the sine qua non for architectural erudition; and it is to be regretted that too often the retention of this idea after graduation handicaps or entirely stops his progress. But only a comparatively few can attend an architectural school, located in a distant city. Therefore the Correspondence Course in Architecture has grown into a serious and well patronized method by which the theoretical devil is whipped around the architectural-education stump. Lacking all of the advantages of the school in the way of association, precept and applied example, of direct explanation and illustration, the ultimate success of the graduate of either course must largely lie with the innate talent of the individual and his fortune in securing the practical application of his book-acquired theory in the employ of a skilled practitioner. Defining an architect as not only an artist in the production of beautiful forms but one who gives to his design constructive expression, Page Pit) THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEMBER 1916 it is this subsequent training that makes the architect rather than his thorough grounding in its theoretical principles. The correspondence course is just so valuable, and no more so, in the education of the architectural aspirant with no experience beyond the text-books of the high school. To another large class it can be of larger and more definite value. Much of the work of the country is produced by architects who have graduated from the carpenter's bench. It is commonplace as a rule because it is essentially constructive and is approached from a constructive and not an imaginative standpoint. To these men a correspondence course at the outset would have been an inestimable boon and have lifted many from mediocrity in their works to those of the highest artistry. Of the present generation of carpenter-housebuilders many are turning to the correspondence school to give them that training which in their aspirations to create beautifully they long for but cannot accomplish. A makeshift, at best, perhaps, but we are inclined to think that the influence of the correspondence school like that of the popular magazine which presents, not the worse than mediocre sketches of the real estate pages of the Sunday editions, but the best work of our most skilled designers, is even now having its effect in the production of more proportionate as well as livable homes for the American people. PUBLIC RESPONSIBILITY FOR ARCHITECTURAL TENDENCY No one who has studied the writings of Louis H. Sullivan but has recognized the deep and true philosophy that underlies his expressed thought. From his first notable written expression of what may be called his architectural philosophy, his "Inspiration," to the last "Kindergarten Chat," his clear understanding of the affinity existing between all art and all human aspiration is insistently presented. It may take a more perfect sympathy, a greater or clearer vision, to find its expression in his work, but it is there, and will be found by those of another generation who will seek for an explanation of some phases of present-day design. In his fourth paper of his "Kindergarten Chats," directed as these unique philosophizings all are, to the neophyte rather than the practitioner, Mr. Sullivan says: "Nothing can more surely reflect the status and the tendencies of a people than the character of its buildings. They are as readable as an open book. And by this sign the tendency of today is most disquieting in certain of its aspects. "Now, a people is clearly responsible for all of its acts. It cannot logically accept responsibility for one class of acts and deny responsibility for others; for a people is an aggregated individual, morally responsible for all his acts. "On the other hand, the national life is but the reflex of multitudinous individual lives. If the individual is not impressible by things or qualities or relations of a certain kind, that unimpressibility becomes at once a national trait. Thus national characteristics precisely reflect the preponderance of individual characteristics. And thus our national politics, our municipal politics and our architecture are precisely what we are willing they should be—nothing more, nothing less. We, as a people, it seems to me, are regardless alike of the good and of the bad. "The feeling is too deeply rooted in the individual that if he, personally, can only make money, the devil may catch the city and the country unless a beneficent Providence chooses to look after the rest of the people. This is not only a national trait, but a great depressing national weakness. And it is turning the blessings of liberty into a curse. "Our national adolescence is passed and gone forever. We are entering manhood and must recognize and face its responsibilities. "To discuss architecture as an art is interesting enough in a way. But to discuss architecture as the projected and written life of a people is another story. That is a serious business. It is as consumingly interesting as it is broad, comprehensive and particular— for it removes architectural thought from a petty domain, the world of the bookworm, and places it where it belongs—an inseparable part of the history of civilization. Our architecture reflects us as truly as a mirror, even if we consider it apart from us. But that is the wrong way. I don't want you to look at it in books or photographs. I want you to see it in situ, with all its intimacy of surroundings, uses and associations. I want you to see it growing, breathing, living, however morbidly and with however much of hectic flush and turgid opulence and internal decay. "Architecture has been made a plaything long enough; an art without pretense of honesty, feeling or regard for consequences. And the people as a whole, which means all the individuals as a whole, are in the largest measure responsible for all the architecture we see. Inattention, indifference is the root of the trouble." THE AMERICAN SYSTEM OF HOUSE BUILDING Mr. Frank Lloyd Wright, famous Chicago architect, recently talked before a body of Chicago business men concerning his American System of House Building. This System is being handled in a commercial way by the Richards Company of Milwaukee, but the directing genius back of the plan itself and the designer of all the houses is Mr. Wright. In his talk before the Chicago business men, Mr. Wright said: "I hesitated a long time before I decided that I would undertake a thing of this nature. It is something I have always believed could be done here in America better than anywhere else in the world. In all of my work from the beginning, I have had faith in the machine as the characteristic tool of my times, therefore an artist's tool. 1 have believed that this tool put into an artist's hand could be a real benefit to our civilization. I believe that the architecture in America that fails to take into account the machine and modern organization tendencies is going to be of no great benefit to the people. Of course, I know that it is going to take a more subtle art within more severe limitation to build houses beauti- THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEMBER . 1916 Page 121 fully while utilizing the machine. But I believe this effort is the logical- conclusion of my studies and my architectural practice. "1 believe the world will find in the American System of House construction, the only instance in the world today of a work which has absolute individuality due to a central idea which is the organic integrity of the work. "If the whole organization of the plan by which the American models are to be merchandised is worked out in a broad, healthy way, great things will come of it. Naturally, I do not want it exploited like a flash in the pan, nor do I want anything done that will make the plan seem an expedient of the moment. "The idea back of the American System has been in my head for years. I have guarded it carefully. I wanted time to think in quiet of how the idea might be brought to the public without injury to the integrity of my own art. Any student of design will know that the designs of these houses are not architectural attempts at reform. They are developed according to a principle. They grow from the inside out, just as trees or flowers grow. They have that integrity. The difference between my work and the work of other men is all a difference in grasp and treatment of old principles. "I do not want any mistake made about this new 'System.' These buildings are not in any sense the ready cut buildings we have all heard of where a little package of material is sold to be stuck together in any fashion. The American System-Built House is not a ready cut house, but a house built by an organization, systematized in such a way that the result is guaranteed the fellow that buys the house. I want to deliver beautiful houses to people at a certain price, key in packet. If I have made progress in the art of architecture, I want to be able to offer this to the people intact. I think the idea will appeal also to the man in the street. Every man would love to have a beautiful house if he could pay for the tremendous amount of waste usually involved in building such a house. The American Plan you see, simply cuts out the tremendous waste that has in the past made house-building on a beautiful scale possible only to the very rich, and any integrity in the result possible only to the especially enlightened individual. Unlimited money has failed there most loudly. "Somehow in America, architecture has never been appreciated. We are perhaps the greatest nation of house builders in the world, and the most slip-shod nation of home builders. Architecture has for the most part, been let go by the board, because we have had to have buildings, and have them quick. "The result is that the old log cabin, built in the woods by the frontiersmen, is really much more beautiful than the modern house with all its affectation, fussi-ness and ugly waste. "Now, I believe that the coming of the machine has so altered the conditions of home building that something like this American System was inevitable, but I have not borne in mind purely the economical side of it I would like to explain to you men some of the impulses back of my work in this direction. "When I, as a young American architect, went abroad, I found many things that astonished me. I expected to find over there, a great variety—great interest. I went from one city to another, and for the most part found beauty in the very old buildings only. The Germans who really built German buildings, and the Italians who built really Italian buildings, built beautifully. I naturally came to the conclusion that much of the hideousness in the architecture of modern day was due to the academic 'Renaissance,' that Europe has so nearly standardized. To my mind, the renaissance, although academic, never was organic. And, for centuries, architecture, like other arts, touched by the renaissance, had been divorced from life, divorced from any organic relation of cause and effect. "Now, when we go back to the old architecture, we find something quite different. The Gothic, for example, was a true style. It was a real architecture. It was an organic architecture. In all of my work I have always tried to make my work organic. "Now, in America, you understand that we have been all of these years borrowing bad forms. The result is that our buildings have no life, no meaning in them, and if we are ever going to have a living architecture again— an architecture in which there is really joy and which gives joy—we have got to go back to first principles. We have got to go beyond the renaissance to reality, to truth. "And now there comes a thought which is really back of this whole effort and which to you business men may sound like a highly sophisticated affair. You see, you in America have been led to believe that an artist is necessarily a queer fellow—one divorced from the life about him. The contrary is true. The perfect artist should be a better business man than any of you here sitting before me and he would be if he had time and the need. "In America, the natural tendency of our times is away from the old handcraft. The railroad locomotive, the great electrical dynamo—these are some of our truly beautiful products—beautiful because of their perfect adaptation of means to ends. Now, I do not believe any architecture in the time of commercialism, of industrialism, and of huge organization, can be real architecture unless it uses beautifully all of these great tools of modern life. And that is just what the American System of building houses proposes to do. "Of course, I realized the danger in all this. I would not dare go into it if I did not believe I could in the midst of industrialism and commercialism, keep on top with my art. In the designing of all these houses, I have kept close to first principles, but 1 look with horror at what might easily happen in spite of all the care with which I have handled this matter. I do not want to lose sight of the central idea of using the machine and all modern industrialism to produce beauty. I asked you men to be patient with me if I sometimes insisted upon things that you do not understand the meaning Page 122 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEMBER 1916 of. Simply selling houses at less cost means nothing at all to me. To sell beautiful houses at less cost means everything. A beautiful house means a truer, better house in every way." SEEK TO END JURISDICTIONAL STRIKES Steps have been taken by architects, contractors and labor unions in Chicago to end vexatious jurisdictional strikes which have caused great delay and loss in building operations. These disputes arise over the installation of building specialties, different unions claiming jurisdiction. In some cases as many as four unions have made claims and the resulting strikes have caused much annoyance. The conditions have grown so bad that the Building Construction Employers' Association and the Chicago Building Trades Council have appealed to the Illinois Chapter of the American Institute of Architects and the Illinois Society of Architects for assistance. As a result committees have been appointed to conference to decide how best to handle the situation. For the Illinois Society of Architects, President F. E. Davidson appointed Joseph C. Llewellyn, chairman; Irving K. Pond, Alfred S. Alschuler. It is proposed that a joint conference committee shall be formed from all four organizations whose duty it shall be to investigate and determine definitely, if possible, just what union shall have jurisdiction over all new building specialties introduced. This condition, which vitally affects every interest in the building industry, is set forth in the following editorial from the Monthly Bulletin of the Illinois Society of Architects: Notwithstanding the uniform agreement and the era of peace alleged to prevail in the building trades, it is well known to the informed that jurisdictional strikes are of almost daily occurrence. Work has been interrupted on many building operations in Cook County. The hopes of those responsible for the uniform agreement have been only partially realized. Great good has been accomplished, but much more remains to be done before any owner can be assured that any building project will be allowed to proceed without interruption. The time to have settled all difficulties was when the material men were working with the contractors one year ago. It has often been stated by those in a position to know that had the material men held out for two weeks longer they could have forced a settlement of all labor difficulties in Cook County, but they could not hold together their own members and it is doubtful if another such opportunity will soon present itself. The unions are organized and always act as a unit. The contractors are only partially organized and cannot always control even their own members. Architects are not organized even to the extent of the contractors, and as for the owners and financial interests, whoever heard of them co-operating to better building conditions^ Until conditions become so bad as to force a central contractors' association, which will contain within its ranks all the employers of the building trades in Cook County, and with directing officers having the authority to force a lockout for two years if need be, will there be any hopes of better conditions, unless the architectual profession is able to better affairs. When it is remembered that even the powerful Chicago Building Trades Council is not strong enough to prevent the petty, illogical and countless strikes of a single union, it seems hopeless to look for aid from that quarter. A general lockout of everybody with a complete shutdown of building operations seems the only remedy. Until compulsory arbitration is a matter of law and of fact, the lockout is the only answer to the strike. One of the most annoying of the many labor disputes has been and is over the placing of steel forms for concrete floors. As many as four unions have laid claims to this work. On one important building on the north side, steel floor domes were placed by the building laborers; on a job on the south side, they were placed by structural steel workers but in order to have the building completed, the contractor was compelled to also pay the sheet metal workers' representative the cost of the work done by the steel workers. This work has been claimed by the structural steel workers, carpenters, sheet metal workers and the lathers. On an important loop structure being constructed by a general contractor, they are being set by the structural iron workers and the job was struck by sheet metal workers. On this job some of the sheet metal work is being completed by the structural iron men and other parts by the plumbers. The sheet metal workers are said to have been called out on every building in Cook County being constructed by this same contractor. They have also, it is said, been called out on all the buildings where this contractor is a sub, and threats have been made that they will be called out and kept out on every job of every architect employing this general contractor, even as a sub-contractor. The question is, what are the Building Trades Council, the various contractors' associations and the architects going to do about it? The Building Construction Employers' Association, as well as the Building Trades Council, state that unassisted, they cannot control affairs and have requested the assistance of the architectural societies. It, therefore seems wise that until agreements can be entered into with all parties at interest, that the architectural profession should do what it can to remove the cause for most of the trouble, by absolutely refusing to specify or to permit any contractor to use, on any work, any article or invention about which there is even a suspicion of a question as to what trade it properly belongs to, and while it is undoubtedly true that practically every improvement in building construction is the invention or suggestion of some member of the architectural profession and while the profession is ever striving for better things and always welcome every improvement tending to produce better or cheaper buildings, yet conditions are now so bad in Cook County that it seems most desirable that those interested in promoting new and untried articles should bear the burden of arranging definitely and beyond question as THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEMBER 1916 Page 123 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEMBER -. 1916 RESIDENCE OF J. R. OLESON. KENILWORTH, ILLINOIS GEORGE W. MAHER, ARCHITECT. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEMBER : 1916 RESIDENCE OF B. F. J. ODELL. KENILWORTH. ILLINOIS GEORGE W. MAHER. ARCHITECT. CHICAGO. ILLINOIS THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEMBER 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEMBER 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEMBER 1916 RESIDENCE OF DR. W. K. YEAKEL. CHICAGO. ILLINOIS EMERY STANFORD HALL, ARCHITECT :: THIS PROBLEM WAS PECULIAR IN THE FACT THAT IT WAS REQUIRED TO CONTAIN THE OFFICES OF PHYSICIAN AS WELL AS RESIDENCE; SO ARRANGED THAT THESE COULD BE KEPT ENTIRELY ISOLATED FROM THE HOUSE AND YET MAKING THEM CONVENIENT OF ACCESS SO THAT IN THE ABSENCE OF THE DOCTOR HIS WIFE OR THE MAID COULD TAKE CARE OF THE OFFICE CALLS. THE WESTERN architect september lgi6 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEM BER : : 1916 MONUMENTAL WORKS OF OTTO SCHEMANSKY a SONS, DETROIT, M1CHICAN MILDNER & EISEN, ARCHITECTS :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEMBER 1916 ¦ GARAGE FOR DETROIT ELECTRIC COMPANY. DETROIT, MICHIGAN MILDNER & EISEN, ARCHITECTS " " THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEMBER : 1916 AUDITORIUM :: " MAJESTIC THEATRE. DETROIT. MICHIGAN C. HOWARD CRANE ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEMBER 1916 MAJESTIC THEATRE. DETROIT, MICHIGAN C. HOWARD CRANE. ARCHITECT :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEMBER : : 1916 CALIFORNIA SCHOOLS. :: HERMONA BEACH SCHOOL. CALIFORNIA THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEMBER 1916 CALIFORNIA SCHOOLS :: :: :: :: :: :: POLYTECHNIC HIGH SCHOOL. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEMBER : 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEMBER -. 1916 THEW ESTER.N ARCHITECT A NATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND ALLIED ARTS, PUBLISHED MONTHLY VOLUME 24 OCTOBER, 1916 NUMBER 4 The phenomenal growth of Detroit Professional during the past decade, aside from its Unity Aids ¦ l l Architectural exceptional advancement in architec-Performance tural design, has attracted the attention of the profession generally to the work of Detroit architects. This growth to a large extent has been industrial in the nature of mammoth manufacturing plants and located in outlying districts. But in effect these are responsible for towering office buildings in the down town district and residences of every description, from the lowly bungalow to the apartment buildings which rival in design and luxurious appointment the best that our cities, East or West, afford. The designing of this rapid but substantial increase as in the case of at least one city which could be named has not been committed to two or three architects of business-getting ability, but has been distributed with reasonable fairness among the sixty-odd practitioners who are responsible for the architectural standing of their city before the world. Thus, in Detroit, it is not the architect who succeeds in getting the most and largest "jobs" who is necessarily the " biggest, " but he, who by common consent, is most capable in architectural execution. This capability is also more evenly distributed there than in most cities. The attitude of the older firms in point of service has had much to do with this, as the strong fraternal feeling that finds its concrete expression in the Institute Chapter, is carried out in the encouragement given to new but capable men by the older practitioners. Thus Detroit possesses the nucleus of a professional unity that will in time place her architecture beyond that of cities of like opportunity but in which less intelligence is shown in the selection and employment of architectural services, and greater jealousy exists between the representatives of the art of building. It cannot be doubted by those who will study Detroit's buildings from those that center on the Campus Martius or State Street to the residences that adorn Grosse Pointe, that this unity of thought and purpose which sees in each practitioner a worthy representative and a brother practitioner, has a vital and stimulating effect upon the architectural expression of the city. One other city, Los Angeles, presents this same hypothesis in the uniform excellence of its architecture. It is not a new thought, but one that has not been generally presented; that where there is the greatest fraternal association among architects there is found the highest type of adequate performance. That this unity became possible in Detroit when the broad minds of a few leaders in architectural design first established the associations that welcomed the unattached practitioner and encouraged his development, is but creditable to a profession that as a whole seeks to spread instead of curtail art advancement in the professional ranks. This is the history of professional Detroit. The work of the few highest in opportunity and ability unselfishly has aided the many to like standards of work. And in the quick evolution in architectural opportunity that has come to Detroit this foundation work of those practitioners should not be forgotten by the profession which has been benefited, or the public that has seen its city become architecturally notable through the high character as well as the capability of its architects. While the fiftieth convention of the „. „ . . , , American Institute of Architects will Bi-Centenmal of American Institute not mark a culmination of its work, nor of Architects -n any degree a cessation of its activities, it will be a time for estimating its structural progress during the half century that has passed since Hunt, Upjohn, Eidlitz and others laid its foundations in the early sixties. The convention will be held at Minneapolis on December 6, 7 and 8. Arrangements for its convening are in the hands of Mr. Edwin H. Brown, chairman, and the Minnesota chapter. The program is being formulated by the Executive committee of the Institute. The local arrangements will be made with a view to entertainment of members so that their stay may be pleasant and the dispatch of business unhampered. As is usually the case, it is in the composition of the program that the greater labor lies. This, strange as it may seem, is owing almost wholly to the tendency of those invited to present papers to delay until the last minute to prepare them, or even to notify the secretary of the subject to be discussed. It seems to us that, when an honor such as a request to prepare an address to be delivered before the representative body of the profession is conferred upon a member, an honor that should be prized next to elevation to the degree of Fellow, that its preparation would be prompt and the required notification sent so that its full value may be reached through its announcement in the official program. This early preparation and notification is as important as its subsequent delivery. Yet year by year the same dilatory practice goes on with apparently little change for the better. This convention Page 125 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER : 1916 should be attended by every member. Not alone is the presence of the Nestors of the profession required, but the younger, newer additions to professional ranks and honor should make this attendance the most important engagement of the year. The time is set so that the mass of the work of the year accomplished, architects may take „ well-earned holiday, and by mingling with their fellows come more closely into touch with the ethics as well as the general practical trend of the profession. The Institute this year has one of its strongest presidents and board of directors in its history, and the results of their labors should be heard rather than read from a report of the proceedings. To those interested in civic problems, the design of houses, the sanitary care and physical development of urban populations, the proper design and care of park systems, will find all of these at their highest development at Minneapolis. Its central position and accessibility to every part of the country alone should make this, the bi-centennial of the Institute, the greatest event in its history. THE GROWTH OF DETROIT By William B. Stratton TO Cadillac's Village and its adjoining ribbon farms (1701) and to the Woodward plan (1807), Detroit owes the elements which give it its present form and general characteristics. To the ribbon farms it owes its street and lot platting, and to the Woodward plan the central arrangement of the city with its open spaces, wide streets and radiating avenues. It is interesting to trace, in our present thoroughfare system, evidences of the struggle to impose a geometrical and arbitrary scheme over a system of holdings which tended to keep the streets and sub-divisions in rectangular form. Cadillac's Village was called Fort Pontchartrain du detroit, that is Fort Pontchartrain of the Strait. Gradually the name Pontchartrain was dropped in reference to the place and the word Detroit was allowed to remain as the name of the post. The village grew under French, English and American possession and the land about it was divided into farms for some considerable distance up and down the river front on either side of the town. Starting at the river they ran back for eighty arpents or about three miles, that is, to the line of the present North Boulevard. The outlines of these farms still remain and are indicated by street and ward lines. The owners of these tracts selected the different types of platting which have materially influenced the character of Detroit's population and buildings. The names of the later owners of these farms appear on the plats and titles REPRODUCTION OF A DRAWING OF OLD FORT PONCHARTRAIN DU DETROIT. CADI LLAC'L VILLAGE. THE ORIGINAL SETTLEMENT ON THE PRESENT SITE OF DETROIT :: :: :: to property and on the city maps of as late a date as 1912. In 1805 the village was completely destroyed by fire. Governor Hull and Judge Woodward went to Washington where they prepared u bill for the relief of the Detroit situation. Their labors resulted in a report and an accompanying plan dated January I, 1807, on which the central portion of the present city was based. As the result of the adoption of a definite city plan at that early date, Detroit has today a system of connecting parks and drives which bring the main sections of the city into direct contact with its outer sections and its parks and recreation places. This system has been completed in recent years by a boulevard running from the river at the island approach, inclosing the main portion of the city in an immense square and reaching the river at the west side. This square is connected across the river front by Lafayette Boulevard and Jefferson Avenue. Recent reports issued by the City Plan and Improvement Commission show that our present traffic problems point to the re-establishment of diagonal streets very closely on the lines suggested by the Woodward plan. The business center has changed from time to time. Of late years this has been about Woodward Avenue. Only within the last four or five years has advantage been taken of the wide boulevards and park spaces radiating from the Campus and Grand Circus Park by the erection of important buildings. THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 Page 120 MAP OF THE WOODWARD PLAN FOR THE CITY OF DETROIT ( 1807. ) THE DO TTED LINES THOW THE LOCATION OF THE PRES-E N T MAIN STREETS- THE FIRST FARMS ABOUT CADILLAC'S VILLAGE HAD A NARROW RIVER FRONTAGE AND EXTENDED BACK FOR EIGHTY ARPENTS. OR ABOUT THREE MILES. THE OUTLINES OF THESE FARMS (RIGHT) STILL REMAIN AND ARE INDICATED BY STREET AND WARD LINES The city planner may take heart from the fact that it has taken over a hundred years of steady city growth to fully justify the wisdom and foresight shown in this early work. The buildings of Cadillac's Village were even more primitive than the log house as we know it. Small logs were driven into the ground in a row and cut off to form a wall about seven feet high. The enclosure thus formed was roofed over with poles covered with straw and skins. There was a great inflow of immigration about 1830 from New England and New York to Detroit and lower Michigan. Although the work of this period is lost in the growth of the city, many charming examples may be found in the farm houses of the surrounding country. Detroit was fortunate in the period just after the Civil War in having the services of several architects of exceptional taste and ability. Most of the better work of this period is executed in local limestone and shows evidence of the English and Scotch training of these designers. There are churches and the old Federal Building by O. & A. Jordan, the City Hall by Jordan & Anderson, churches and houses by Gordon W. Lloyd and Mortimer L. Smith, and later, good brick work in the old Michigan Central Station by C. L. Eidlitz of New York, and in the Light Infantry Armory, now the Moose Temple, by H. H. Richardson of Boston. DETROIT WAS ONCE THE CAPITAL CITY AND THIS WAS THE MICHIGAN STATE CAPITOL BUILDING ERECTED ABOUT 1807 :: RESIDENCE FOR SIDNEY T. MILLER. ONE OF THE OLDER TYPES OF RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE BAGLEY FOUNTAIN. WM. B. STRATTON, ARCHITECT. WHICH STANDS IN THE CAMPUS MARTIUS IN THE HEART OF THE BUSINESS DISTRICT OF DETROIT :: Page 127 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 FORT STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. O. AND A. JORDAN. ARCHITECTS: ONE OF THE STRUCTURES BUILT IN THE PERIOD FOLLOWING THE CIVIL WAR. THIS SHOWS EVIDENCE OF THE ENGLISH AND SCOTCH TRAINING OF THE DESIGNERS t THE OLD MICHIGAN CENTRAL STATION. C. L. EID-LITZ, ARCHITECT. THE BRICK WORK IN THIS STATION IS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST ANOTHER VIEW OF THE OLD MICHIGAN STAPE CAPITOL BUILDING. DETROIT, BUILT ABOUT 1807 DETAIL OF FORT STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, O. AND A. JORDAN. ARCHITECTS THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 Page 128 VIEW OF THE PLANT FOR FORD MOTOR COMPANY. DETROIT. ALBERT KAHN. ARCHITECT DETROIT, THE INDUSTRIAL CITY By Robert Craik McLean AS two years of a world's war has made almost every manufacturer of steel products familiar with the production of war munitions, so the advent of the automobile, in fifteen years, has made Detroit the most distinctively industrial center in the United States. Even Pittsburgh with its immense production of iron, steel, glass and their many side industries claims but twelve and six-tenths "factory-workers" to each one hundred of population; while in Detroit are employed seventeen and four-tenths workers who are chiefly skilled mechanics. In the first five years of the active automobile industry at Detroit, from 1904 to 1909, the value of this output increased from six to sixty million dollars. In 1915 this valuation had increased to over $260,000,000. This growth has not come about through accident, but its root is found in sociological, geographical and even psychological conditions. Michigan, like Minnesota and the Northwestern states of Montana, Oregon and Washington, was settled by the educated and enterprising Americans that had built up the New England and other eastern states, men who from ancestral disposition had virility of thought and action unalloyed with the spirit of speculation. The subjection of the forest, the development of mines and other natural resources; everything that made for better conditions and the supply of necessities; the "making of two blades of grass grow where one grew before," through patient industry governed by calculating thought, was the foundation underlying this splendid industrial structure. Located in close connection with the main line of travel from East to West, by rail and upon the midway connecting link between our great inland seas, Detroit possesses those unrivalled transportation facilities that have given her the easy distribution for her products so necessary to the growth of all manufacturing industry. And not a small item in this summing up of manufacturing advantages is the level plain that stretches its alluvial length beyond the city, furnishing ideal sites for its factories, homes for its workers and producing food for their sustenance. Having already established a manufacturing product-value aggregating upwards of « hundred million dollars before the automobile came to be a factor, Detroit led in the making of stoves, varnishes and paints, pharmaceutical preparations, electrical furnaces, and was sixteenth in rank among the manufacturing cities of the country. It was already a large maker of marine gasoline engines and therefore was peculiarly fitted to take advantage of the rapidly increasing demand for water as well as land motor-driven vehicles of transportation. It was easy with more expert engine workers MICHIGAN CENTRAL RAILWAY STATION. DETROIT. WARREN 8c WETMORE. ARCHITECTS, NEW YORK. PHOTOGRAPH COPYRIGHTED 1916 L S. GLOVER. DETROIT Page 12!) THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 EC EE | i IF F P EC E E ei ii ii ss EC rr rr FiIIBi LP El IIFB FE BE EE II IE FE El EE II EE EE EE El EE IE EE El IF EE EE EE IE EE El! FE EE EE EE EE El IE EE EE II EE EE EE 81 8 i. EE ALU OF THE 3UILDINGS SHOWN I N THIS VIEW OF GRAND CI RCUS PARK. DETROIT, ARE OF VERY RECENT CONSTRUCTION. I LLUSTRATING THE RAPID AND INTERESTING DEVELOPMENT IN THAT CITY. FROM LEFT TO RIGHT THESE BUILDINGS ARE DAVID WHITNEY BUILDING. HOTEL STATLER. HOTEL TULLER. KRESGE BUILDING than any city in the West to adapt ^ marine engine to a land machine. Detroit surpassed every other city in the manufacture of carriages, buggies and wheels. It was natural for her artisans to produce any style of tonneau for automobiles. The first three or four years Detroit and three other Michigan cities supplied most of the bodies used locally, and it was an established fact that this was done at sixty per cent of the cost in eastern cities. Detroit was also the center of the malleable iron industry and a good supply point for pressed steel, aluminum castings and for supplying springs. Therefore it was possible for the first manufacturers to obtain many of the essential parts locally, this giving time to erect new plants for the manufacture of these accessories. Brass parts BOOK BUILDING. LOUIS KAMPER. ARCHITECT and even the varnish and paint finishing of the highest grade were at the command of these pioneer automobile builders. Then came the demand for expansion of manufacturing quarters. Here, too, local conditions were favorable. Its most excellent architects and structural engineers presented adequate designing and construction talent, and this talent brought about the evolution of the modern factory. A residence may be badly planned, yet still be habitable and its occupant become accustomed to the inconvenience. Not so in the factory where facility and continuity of operation determines financial profit or loss. And these latest examples of factory plan and construction are marvels of systematic assemblage of units, in plan, Continued to Page 1S1 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 Page ISO THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 DETROIT — THE INDUSTRIAL CITY Continued from Page ISO STORE FOR S. S. KRESGE COMPANY. SM ITH.'HINCH MAN & GRYLLS. ARCHITECTS FARWELL BUILDING. BONNAH & CHAFFEE, ROGERS, ARCHITECTS STORE FOR J. WE1LER :: HARRY S. ANGELL. ARCHITECT dignified, substantial in construction and present a new note in the rising scale of industrial construction. It is repeated that this representative instance of capital investment along true lines of conservatism, this ability in design to meet the sudden and complex requirements of the most modern of industries, did not come to light in the city of Detroit by accident. It has behind it the whole history of the upbuilding of that city. The glamour of this sudden growth in a city, like sudden wealth in the individual, is apt to cloud the vision of real worth underlying this transforming prosperity. The mal-administration of the city's affairs, the spreading of slums, the evidences on every hand of a careless, wasteful and extravagantly rich community is but the froth that covers PEOPLES STATE BANK AND PENOBSCOT BUILDING. DONALDSON AND MEIER. ARCHITECTS INTERIOR PEOPLES STATE BANK DONALDSON a MEIER. ARCHITECTS THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 Page 131 CASINO AT BELLE ISLE PARK :• •: VAN LEYEN & SCHILLING. ARCHITECTS GREENFIELD UNION SCHOOL ¦: VAN LEYEN 8c SCHILLING. ARCHITECTS Page 132 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 CENTRAL METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH HOUSE AND WOMAN'S EXCHANGE SMITH. HINCHMAN Sc GRYLLS, ARCHITECTS :: ;: :• :: granted by the United States Congress through its territorial Assembly. It is interesting to note that the first municipal action was the drawing and adoption of a city plan. This plan was afterward sought for and was found stopping the wind in a window where it had been placed by the surveyor—a fate too typical of civic plan adoption in American cities. The history of Detroit from the period of its first charter in 1802 to 1835, was one of successive plans and increases in limits, a solid, substantial and basic metropolitan life that is the real Detroit, the most typically American of all our cities in its genesis, growth and present status. Two hundred and fifteen years ago the seed was planted by Cadillac in the shape of a square two hundred feet on each side (not a city block in size), surrounded by "a palisade made of young trees, one end embedded in the earth and extending some twelve or fifteen feet above the ground,' a prototype of Detroit's present skyline from the Canadian shore of the river. One hundred years of germinating existence followed; sixty years under the aegus of France, forty of British occupation, then its birth as an embryo city through a charter FIRST CHURCH OF CHRIST (SCIENTIST) SMITH, HINCHMAN & GRYLLS, ARCHITECTS and as in the latter year commenced that immigration that has continued to the present in ever-increasing volume, it can be established as the real birth year of the present city. As in its earlier period the real estate problem was paramount, so today the increase in values are phenomenal. A "lot" of ten acres that sold for one hundred and fifteen dollars in 1809 today is valued at a thousand dollars a front foot. Tffl iffl 33 II n ii ii III if j II H 11 I II II 11 II BUILDING FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF DETROIT OSCAR C GOTTESLEBEN. ARCHITECT :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 Page 133 Page 184 the western arch|tect october 1916 18 TYPES OF APARTMENT BUILDINGS IN DETROIT GARDEN COURT APARTMENTS SHERBROOKE APARTMENTS :• ALBERT KAHN. ARCHITECT POLLMAR 8c ROPES. ARCHITECTS STEVENSON HOTEL. DETROIT JOSEPH P JOGERST. ARCHITECT RINALDO APARTMENT BUILDING, DETROIT RICHARD H. MARR. ARCHITECT :: SHERATON APARTMENTS BAXTER. ODELL 8c HALPIN ARHITECTS DUPLEX RESIDENCE, DETROIT A. J. DARLING. ARCHITECT :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 Page Ur, Recent values have in like manner advanced. A Detroit school teacher now living in a distant city, who twenty years ago invested a hundred dollars in a lot then far beyond the built-up section, but now where the great auto manufacturing plants cover the territory, is now made secure in her old age by the sale of that lot for several thousands to one of these expanding concerns. In 1836 there were in Detroit fifty-five brick stores, twenty-two of them four stories in height; one hundred and forty frame stores; seven hundred and seventy-four frame and thirty-nine brick dwellings. There were fourteen schools with some six hundred scholars. This was the Detroit of 1836. This immigration was of a quality to ensure the progressive city of today. It came from New England and New York state. These pioneers bought the farms of the French who had received their patents from France and installed the breadth of vision and developing energy of the Anglo-Saxon, replacing the inertness of the Latin in the making of a municipality. This was the first wave of fabulous growth which swept Detroit. The second, and that which has made her the wonder city of the continent commenced some twelve years ago when it was a city of three hundred thousand and producing about $125,-000,000 of manufactured products a year. Quoting from a writer in the Metropolitan Magazine who has studied and summed up present conditions, "Detroit today has more than three-quarters of a million population, makes more than $600,000,000 worth of manu- factured goods annually—among them more than half of all the automobiles manufactured in America—and is one of the most important shipping points in the country. The city has grown so fast that there are not houses enough for its inhabitants. Today there is u standing advertisement in Detroit for 20,000 skilled workmen at high wages; but there is no place for them to live if they come. Last year, for example, the city asked the United States government for the use of Fort Wayne to temporarily house the homeless working population. And yet building permits issued in the first six months of 1916 surpassed Chicago and almost equaled New York city. "Magnificent hotels and great buildings shoulder shabby brick houses that were private mansions half a generation ago. For miles and miles this overgrown giant of ex city sprawls along the river and out over the plain, throbbing with the hurrying rush of an immense, overcrowded metropolitan population. "Smoke from the chimneys of a thousand factories working day and night drives ceaselessly over the town. Heavy freight trains follow one another incessantly out of the yards, bound east and west and north and south. In the clanging, tumultuous port, great, deep-whistled ships, like Atlantic freighters, come and go; and the traffic of the Great Lakes pours in an endless procession across the water-front. More ships enter and leave this port than any other in the world." EE EE EE ^E EE 'i I if p EE If EE ff ^F if zz ~^ K Ills -E - Si iE II ¦! f ei si ¦¦ zz z in rc DAVID WHITNEY BUILDING GRAHAM BURNHAM & COMPANY CHICAGO. ARCHITECTS HOTEL STATLER, DETROIT : GEORGE B POST & SONS. ARCHITECTS, NEW YORK SMITH. HINCHMAN 8c GRYLLS, DETROIT. ASSOCIATES KRESGE BUILDING DETROIT ALBERT KAHN. ARCHITECT Paw 136 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER ,qIfi THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER : '916 FACTORY ARCHITECTURE IN DETROIT DUE to Detroit's enormous industrial development in the past ten years, factory construction probably has reached a higher standard than in any other city in the country. Desirable sites have been plentiful on the belt railways circling the city which afford excellent railway facilities. Means for handling employees are ample and in construction have been given consideration in location of plants. The great majority of Detroit factories are of fireproof construction, and range from two to eight stories in height. Concrete is the favored material, though in buildings more than eight stories high the price factor operates against the use of this material. It is not unusual to provide for extension horizontally rather than in the air, though common practice builds from two to four stories with strength provided for the addition of several stories. Various types of concrete construction were used up to about five years ago, the most favored one being beam and girder types with either solid floors or tile and joist slabs between the girders. This construction is practically obsolete now, the so-called flat-slab construction being used almost entirely. The advantages are the flat ceiling in all cases, and also a decrease in height of as much as a foot for each floor. Very little mill construction is used since the difference in cost between mill construction and flat slab concrete is so slight in a building of any size that the insurance rates make it more profitable to build the fireproof construction. Of course, interest is great in the automobile factory buildings. The width of such structures generally does not exceed 70 feet with a floor height of approximately 14 feet, floor to floor. The width is divided, usually into three spans, the outer two of which are used for machines or assembling purposes, the center, or a portion of it, providing a runway throughout the building. With this width and height of floor excellent light is assured, as steel sash are utilized to fill the total space between columns except for a couple of feet above the floor lines. The saw-tooth roof construction also is employed. As a rule, the exteriors are attractive in appearance. Planting of the grounds surrounding the buildings is employed to add to the effect. The particular requirements of the industry determine the design, naturally. The heavy loads usually are placed on the ground floor which in almost every instance is without basement, and the upper floors de- ENTRANCE TO FACTORY ARTHUR COLTON COMPANY. DETROIT MILDNER & EISEN, ARCHITECTS handled by hand. signed to carry live loads of from 100 to 250 pounds, the average being about 125 pounds. The conditions surrounding the product and its efficient handling determine mii'twimmL- tne shape and size of the building. A very common plan provides a long building from which other buildings project at right angles at intervals of 60 feet or thereabouts. This particularly applies to the automobile industry in which parts are made in the wing buildings, then transferred to the assembly room by assembling conveyors. Another type is the square building with a hollow court which often is as wide as 100 to I 50 feet. In most cases this court is covered with a steel, saw-tooth construction of either narrow or wide spans and equipped with crane runways for handling material too heavy to be A roof construction made higher than the ordinary concrete buildings is practical to build for the housing of punches, presses, and other machinery which may be 20 or 25 feet in height. The exterior finish of the buildings consists chiefly of concrete columns and beams with brick spandrels capped with stone sills, leaving a window opening the full width between columns, filled with steel sash having the usual ventilators operated either by hand or by mechanical operators. Pressed brick and cement stone are used almost exclusively and exposed concrete very often given a coat of cement wash. A reasonable amount of ornamentation is often introduced in the concrete work as it is built, and brick patterns sometimes worked in the spandrels. The principal feature in connection with buildings of this type is the absolute absence of any material which is not used for some practical purpose, thereby making the construction as simple and cheap as possible, but sightly, and at the same time giving a maximum of light and floor space. The interior of these buildings are divided usually into bays of approximately 20 feet square, although these spans are carried up to as high as 30 feet when light loads are required. The usual span, however, is from 20 feet to 22 feet square. The floors throughout are as required by the individual need of the particular factory but probably maple flooring dipped in parafine is most common. Cement floors, creosote block floors, and asphalt floors are used in a number of places where conditions require. In the flat slab constructions the ceilings and columns are not Page loS THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER ,9,6 plastered but are usually painted with especially prepared concrete paints. The buildings are supplied with the most modern equipment possible. Elevators of from three to five tons in capacity with platform sizes to suit product with speeds up to 400 feet per minute generally are located at intervals of 200 feet. They have the most modern safety devices. Sprinkler systems are provided throughout most buildings with an auxiliary fire hose and stand-pipe service. Heating is taken care of in a number of ways, either by direct coils beneath windows or on ceilings, or by indirect hot-air systems furnished either by ducts, or through hollow columns supplied with hot air from fans and coils located on the roof. In a number of cases both direct and indirect methods are used, and in some cases an exhaust system is provided. Particular attention is being paid recently to the heating and ventilating of these factories and efficiency reports show that it is well worth the expenditure. Lighting is taken care of by the usual arc or incandescent lamps, usually by a single lamp of large wattage with factory reflectors. Gas and air are included where necessary and desirable. The factories are all equipped with modern plumbing and toilet facilities, usually in shafts containing elevators, toilets and stairs. Wash rooms are located generally in separate rooms from toilets, either next to the toilets or on first floor near entrances, the latter particularly when lockers are required. Drinking fountains are placed at frequent intervals throughout the various stones. In conclusion the idea behind factory construction in Detroit is to make the building complete in every detail, to install all equipment for the betterment of the conditions under which the men are to work and to produce maximum efficiency. These buildings have been constructed in great numbers for from $1.35 to $1.50 per square foot floor area, but owing to the recent advances in all building material and labor this price has been advanced to $1.65 to $1.80 per square foot floor space. This price includes all equipment complete. BRICK OUTPUT IN DETROIT Lest the miles of concrete factory walls and other cement constructions in Detroit create the impression that this is « dominating material, attention should be directed to the immense output of brick and its use in that city. Four hundred and fifty million brick were used in construction in Detroit this year, all but ninety million of these being of local production. The clay deposit of Wayne county and the western part of the city is remarkable because of the comparatively small area in which it exists in paying quantities, confined as it is within a circle of two miles. Here, when Detroit first arose from the log-and-slab constructions of a fort and trading post, the first brick was made. Today there is still clay enough to produce four hundred million annually for the next half century, notwithstanding the uncomputed millions that have gone toward the upbuilding of the city. Detroit's recent growth is reflected in this brick industry. In 1913 there were produced in Detroit two hundred million; about three hundred million in each of the two years following, and this year it is computed that three hundred and sixty-five millions, or one million ^ day will be produced in Detroit brick yards. Oil burning has revolutionized the Detroit brick making industry and the transportation from the yards to the job by auto trucks places the entire industry at the highest point of efficiency. WAREHOUSE FOR RIVERSIDE STORAGE COMPANY STRATTON a BALDWIN. ARCHITECTS :. CENTRAL EXCHANGE FOR HOME TELEPHONE CO STRATTON & BALDWIN. ARCHITECTS :: :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 19,6 Page 139 Page 140 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER : 19)6 RESIDENCE MR RALPH L. ALDRICH. DETROIT STRATTON Sc BALDWIN, ARCHITECTS RESIDENCE MR. NORMAN S. ATCHESON NORMAN S. ATCHESON, ARCHITECT :¦ VICTOR THEATRE, HIGHLAND PARK. DETROIT SMITH & KOHNER. ARCHITECTS :: :: Three vital problems confront not only Vital Detroit, but every city of the first class. Problems rr-,, , ,. . . .. , , of 1 hese are, the elimination ot the grade City Growth railway crossing, the provision of separate highways for automobile traffic and the definite establishment of a civic plan. Though in one city the need for relief in one of these particulars may be greater than in another, all are vital and insistent. With the rapid growth of populations the lack of these features endanger life, abridge the rights of the people to the streets and will finally strangle that growth which is the city's financial asset. Each of these necessary betterments requires years for accomplishment even after definite plans are made, though the necessity exists now in an acute form. Chicago abolished the grade crossing and both shippers and railroads made money by so doing. It is impossible to estimate the benefit to the city from the improved conditions. Chicago contemplates, and is actively engaged upon plan for the removal of automobile traffic from one of the main thoroughfares of the city. Its civic plan is in active existence, though supported by powerful and far-seeing citizens rather than by city and state legislative enactment. This has not been done because Chicago is more intelligent or enterprising than others, but because conditions became unbearable as they will become in every growing city. The basis of action is in a city plan which conserves each interest and serves every need. But even patchwork relief, costly and insufficient as it is, will have to be resorted to if volume of business and swelling of population is to enjoy an uninterrupted increase. The Detroit Builders' Exchange is not only a live organization in the conservation of building trades interests, but takes an interest in other like bodies in the state. On August 5, a delegation from the local Exchange visited the kindred association at Flint, and attended a banquet given in celebration of the growth of the Exchange during the two years of its activity. A number of the officers of the Detroit Exchange made remarks of congratulation and approval. FERRY AVENUE BAPTIST CHURCH. DETROIT J. WILL WILSON. ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SEPTEMBER 1916 Page 141 CONNOR'S CREEK POWER HOUSE OF THE DETROIT EDISON COMPANY ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. ARCHITECTS :: :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER '916 FACTORY BUILDING FOR CONTINENTAL MOTORS COMPANY. DETROIT ALBERT KAHN. ARCHITECT :¦ :. - VIEW OF PLANT OF CHALMERS MOTOR COMPANY, DETROIT ALBERT KAHN ARCHITECT :: :¦ FACTORY BUILDINGS FOR CHALMERS MOTOR COMPANY. DETROIT ALBERT KAHN, ARCHITECT :: :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 FACTORY FOR AMERICAN AUTO TRIMMING COMPANY. DETROIT MILDNER 4 EISEN. ARCHITECTS - THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 19,6 WAREHOUSE FOR C. F. SMITH, DETROIT POLLMAR a ROPES. ARCHITECTS :: FACTORY FOR ¦. L. SCHEINMAN a COMPANY. DETROIT ALBERT KAHN. ARCHITECT :. :: :: :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER '916 OFFICE BUILDING FOR DETROIT CITY GAS COMPANY JOHN SCOTT a COMPANY. ARCHITECTS :; THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER )9i6 STORE FOR H. R. LEONARD FURNITURE COMPANY. DETROIT BAXTER. O'DELL & HALPIN ARCHITECTS :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 BUILDING FOR DETROIT LEGAL NEWS GEO. D. MASON. ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 WAYNE COUNTY AND HOME SAVINGS BANK. DETROIT DONALDSON & MEIER. ARCHITECTS :: :: OFFICE BUILDING FOR DETROIT FREE PRESS ALBERT KAHN. ARCHITECT :: :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 FREDERIC H. PEASE AUDITORIUM. YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN SMITH. HINCHMAN a GRYLLS. ARCHITECTS :: THE WESTERN OCTOBER ARCHITECT 1916 A. M. JOYCE SCHOOL. DETROIT :: :: MALCOMSON Be HIGGIN BOTH A M, ARCHITECTS NORTHERN ,HIGH SCHOOL, DETROIT :: :: MALCOMSON & H IGG INBOTH A M, ARCHITECTS THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 GRILLE ROOM DETROIT ATHLETIC CLUB THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 WAITING ROOM AT WOODMERE CEMETERY, DETROIT DONALDSON & MEIER. ARCHITECTS THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 BUILDING FOR THE PEWABIC POTTERY COMPANY. DETROIT STRATTON a BALDWIN. ARCHITECTS :: :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER '916 RESIDENCE FOR MR. J. T. MCMILLAN, GROSSE POINTE PARK CHITTENDEN & KOTT1NG, ARCHITECTS :: RESIDENCE FOR MR. C. A. DUCHARME, GROSSE POINTE VILLAGE CHITTENDEN & KOTTING, ARCHITECTS :: :: :: :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 F, RESIDENCE FOR MR. AUSTIN CHURCH, TRENTON. MICHIGAN 'DONALDSON St MEIER, ARCHITECTS :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 19'6 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER 1916 RESIDENCE FOR MR. W C. CROWLEY. DETROIT R. E RASEMAN. ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OCTOBER : 1916 THEW EST £ R.N ARCHITECT A NATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND ALLIED ARTS, PUBLISHED MONTHLY VOLUME 24 NOVEMBER, 1916 NUMBER 5 The regulation of professional practice institute would be materially advanced if the Endorsement - . of state Institute at its coming convention would Registration pass an authoritative pronunciamento in favor of state registration of architects. This it has never done as a National body, though for a quarter of a century state regulation has been -persistently urged and in a dozen states accomplished, by the profession at large. On the other hand, the Institute, at least as represented by its chapters, has been more or less averse to the legalizing of the profession by state enactment. There was a gap of over twenty years between the efforts put forth by the Western New York Association of Architects (a "chapter" of the Western Association of Architects), and those endorsed by the New York Chapter of the Institute which ended in securing professional regulation in that state. Ohio, today, would have a registration law on its statute books if the bill calling for its passage had not been opposed by Institute members. The operation of these laws, first passed in Illinois, has brought such signal results in the elevation of practice and satisfaction to the public in the states favored that there now should be no doubt of the wisdom of giving their passage the full support of the Institute. There seems to be a disposition to in-invioiabiiity terfere with the Burnham plan for civic Necessary . . . -p. . , to civic Plan reconstruction in Chicago. 1 his the Preservation Council opposes, fortunately. The interference may be well meant, yet it is logically untenable. A civic plan is first, last and always a permanent entity, and any interference which, in the hands of those not identified with its commencement and growth changes its continuity, is not only a step backward but by establishing a precedent, jeopardizes the ultimate result. Such a plan is not for the ephemeral supervision of one regime of civic government or even one generation. It is the basis upon which the future comfort, progress and "livability" of the city is based. In fact, it is in the smallest degree of the present and the greatest of the future. Its entire existence rests on its inviolability and the uniting of parts year by year into a finished whole. Yet this danger of interference and change overhangs not only the civic plan of Chicago but those of most other cities. There seems to be no way in which a plan once formed, resolved upon and its working out commenced, can be so secured that it cannot be endangered if not made thoroughly abortive, by some city official clothed for the time with a "little brief authority." The men who now have the best interests of Chicago in their keeping, and who support the plan through an organized body called the Commercial Club, will probably be strong enough to protect it for many years to come, but a legal method should be found by which neither good nor bad-intentioned officials can change its basic lines and no change can be made that does not fit in with the general plan. The plan contemplated by the Institute unwise Chapter °f changing its by-laws so that only By-Law those architects certified to by the National body be eligible to membership in local Chapters is a movement that requires careful consideration. On the one hand is the desire of the Institute to restrict its membership to those who are high in ability and attainment. This is so laudable a desire that every practicable safeguard should be thrown around the admission of members to its privileges. But this desire should not lead those who guide the destinies of the Institute to place obstructions in the path of its progress and interfere in its usefulness. Local Chapters to be useful and representative must have in their membership the accredited architects of their locality. This creditability can be better judged by their fellows than through any system of investigation the Institute could carry out. The by-laws of the Institute are now stringent enough to protect its membership from the admission of undesirable candidates. A further restriction, such as is proposed, would only cripple the local chapter without adding to the stability of the National society. It should be remembered by those who believe that the Institute should stand for the highest architectural ideals, that it has another mission and one on which its material progress depends. That is the education of the public in its purposes and destinies. It is almost entirely the province of the local chapter to do this work. The meeting of the Institute once a year is for consultation and comparison. The local chapter, if worthy of existence, should be active in promoting every movement that has for its object better ideals and appreciation of art in its community. The logical result of the carrying of such a measure as is proposed, would be the reduction of chapter membership and a consequent weakening of the Institute. It would aid in the development of architectural societies outside its control and relegate the Institute to a place Page U2 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT NOVEMBER 1916 of dignified seclusion in architectural affairs. The wisdom of those who have promulgated its present laws and brought the Institute to its present high plane of dignity and usefulness, should not be lightly thrown aside by those who wish to carry its advance ahead of the slow but stable upbuilding of a professional cult in this country, of which the Institute is now representative. There has been a "smoke preventing" Thirty Years congress at Pittsburg. It was attended of Futile ., ..... . Smoke Prevention by experts in smoke consuming, Effort officials in city smoke inspection de- partments, and those of the public who still believe that the elimination of smoke is possible if not probable. To the observer who has watched this "continuous performance" of smoke prevention conversation for the past thirty years there is little change in the program. The railroad employee tells of the large sum expended in its curtailment by his company (and a great bank of black, soft coal smoke rolls up from a passing engine of his line, shutting out the sunshine and darkening the landscape where, and as, these words are written). The manufacturer explains that he is experimenting and as soon as rush orders are finished he will correct the evil in his factory. Others give statistics of smoke curtailment in Pittsburg, but do not state upon what data the figures are based. As it is just one hundred years since the first recorded protest against smoke was made in that city, smoke prevention activity has not been noticeably effective. One of the principal speakers at this gathering was a former "smoke inspector" of Chicago. The Chicago smoke inspector, and there have been many of his kind, is invariably optimistic. He always sees just beyond, a smokeless city. He comes by it naturally. Thirty, or to be exact, thirty-three years ago, the habit was formed by a determined crusade against smoke in the atmosphere of that city. It was led by that greatest molder of public opinion the West has ever known, Joseph Medill of the Chicago Tribune, and exploited in the columns of that powerful newspaper. Being projected and carried on without the baleful commercial influence that invariably governs the lesser public journals of today, its information was exact, its investigations thorough and its accomplishments,—the "invention" and marketing of a deluge of "smoke consumers," good, bad and indifferent in results. Yet the investigations of Orvis in France, the honest efforts of some of the largest commercial houses to follow the Tribune's lead toward a cleaner and more wholesome atmosphere and the mechanical study of the problem by inventors has had its effect on the situation if not noticeable in later aspects of the situation. It at least led to the discovery that smoke, once made, could not be "consumed," which was a signal advance, and worth all it cost in effort and seemingly useless agitation. The conclusive fact, though not perhaps admitted, made obvious during this latest review of the smoke producing situation, is that the coal user does not intend to correct his method of using it while it suits his convenience and pocket to continue old methods. While the scientific world knows that proper combustion is easily obtained, that properly controlled combustion is an economy instead of an expense to the producer and a saving of millions of inexcusable waste to the public, the administrators of the smoke-prevention laws will not take its dictum and act upon its conclusions. They invariably give to the offender the benefit of the doubt and to his plea, "don't shoot, we are doing the best we can," absolve him of his past sins and give him a further time to comply with the law's requirements. Until the individual sufferer from smoke in cities finds a way to make the municipality directly responsible for his losses from coal smoke, the situation shows little promise of change in spite of congresses of protest or advice. We who lightly scan the war news pro-immunity From vided by the daily papers get a more War Hazards . . . , i L j • Should be intimate view, a cfearer understanding Convention Keynote anfJ definite knowledge of the situation in Great Britain through the columns of that so supposedly prosaic a medium, an architectural journal. To read the weekly issues of "The Architect" is depressing but at the same time illuminating. In leading articles, incidental building notes and descriptions as well as the obituary columns, the dark wing of war seems to over-shadow all. From the changing conditions in contracting and labor, to the half-finished work of architect or artist, there is the same degree of war influence manifested. Houses for munition employees built contrary to local building regulations and despite local protest; advertisements for men to join building labor squads to erect munition factories; data collected from which to estimate the works that may be undertaken and the labor that will be required at the close of the war; the necessity for securing permission from the Ministry of Munitions before erecting any building costing over some $2,500;—these are some of the direct war influences upon architectural work. Those in regard to the artist and architect practitioner are more direct and sinister. "Recruiting for the Artists' Rifles," and where application should be made; "the mural paintings will be completed by another artist"—the painter was killed last summer at the Dardenelles; the artist who painted the "Victory" now hung in Les Invalides, Paris, "killed on observation duty at the front." Two architects, members of the Cameron Highlanders, one of the Argyle Highlanders, one in the Sherwood Foresters and one in the Royal Scots regiments are enumerated in the obituary columns of one issue, each with the brief note, "killed in action," or "reported missing and afterward found to have died in a German prison." This has its echo here in the fate of those whose patriotism, like that of Cret and Par-mentier, called them back to serve, and die, in the armies of France. Only such details as these can bring a realization of the triviality of the professional trials here compared with those of architects in Europe. The fiftieth convention of the Institute should be a gathering in which sympathy for professional brothers abroad and congratulation upon the tranquillity enjoyed at home should be the key-note of the assembly. THE WESTERN ARCHITECT NOVEMBER 1916 Page 143 JOHN LAWRENCE MAURAN, Sixteenth President, A. I. A., Saint Louis, Mo. Educated at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Trained in the offices of Shepley Rutan and Coolidge, successively at Boston, Chicago, and latterly Saint Louis, where he entered practice in 1900. Fellow A. I. A., 1902. Member Architectural League of New York, Saint Louis Chapter, A. I. A. THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS A brief history of the organization founded fifty years ago, and which is to hold its semi-centennial meeting in Minneapolis in December. By Robert Craik McLean It seems almost paradoxical that the oldest art, that which forms the book of the past and records the dawn of this latest civilization, should have become a vitalized entity in these United States only fifty years ago with the founding on a permanent basis of the American Institute of Architects. The young men, Hunt, Walter, Upjohn, et al., who formed the nucleus of this organization in the late fifties, through a drawing together for fraternal companionship, were surrounded by a wilderness of unprofessionalism. With their high ideals, their belief in the sacredness and purity of their ethical standards that should govern all who made architecture their avocation as well as their vocation, they sought to form a society for their preservation, "to elevate the architectural profession as such, and to perfect its members practically and scientifically." In April, 1857, nine architects asked of and received from the state of New York articles of incorporation with the proviso that "the business of the society shall be conducted in the city of New York." But it was not until nine years later that the regular annual conventions began to be held. This, in brief was the genesis of that society, which celebrates its fiftieth anniversary on December 8, at Minneapolis, Minnesota. Early in its history architects in other cities sought admission to membership in the Institute, and this resulted in the formation of affiliating Chapters. Of necessity limited as these were in membership, there Page 1U THE WESTERN ARCHITECT NOVEMBER 19)6 was little activity manifested other than the attendance which gathered at the annual meetings. In 1883 the Chicago chapter had not held a meeting in two years and others were apparently in a similar comatose condition. A revival came with the organization of the Western Association of Architects. In 1884, in response to a call for a convention of architect practitioners in the West, suggested by architects and issued by the, now, editor of the Western Architect, some three hundred architects gathered in convention at Chicago. There were representatives from as far east as western New York state and as far west as Denver. All were imbued with the same fraternal spirit that had actuated their predecessors in the organization of the Institute. At once they began an attack upon the evils under which the profession struggled and practical measures taken for their correction. Men of virile thought and executive ability, among them those dominating forces, Adler and Burnham, the brilliant thought of Root and Sullivan, the scholarly suggestion of Taylor of Iowa and Smith of Tennessee, and a supporting strength in members from Ohio, Michigan, Missouri and other centers of architectural supremacy, all combined to form a leavening force that almost at once made architecture a recognized profession in the West as had the Institute in the Eastern states. This friendly "competition" of societies at once revived the flagging energies of the Eastern society. In five years it became apparent that, while it was difficult to assimilate Eastern and Western ideas, it was detrimental to the profession as a whole that there should be a divided interest and action. Then came consolidation. Perhaps because it was geographically midway, perhaps because the oldest Institute Chapter was there located, Cincinnati was agreed upon as the place to hold the consolidation convention of 1889. A meeting in which the full strength of both associations was assembled resulted in the adoption of the older and chartered name, and the constitution and by-laws of the newer society, the members of the Western Association automatically becoming members of the Institute. The next epoch in its significance to Institute growth and influence was the convention at Chicago during the Columbian Exposition and the convening of the World's Congress of Architects. The president of the congress was D. H. Burnham, its vice-president, William LeBaron Jenney, and its secretary, upon whom much of the labor of organization devolved, Robert Craik McLean. Representative architects from every country in Europe were present at its deliberations. It is from this congress-convention that the more widespread and dominating works of the Institute dates. Headquarters were established at Washington and each alternate convention held in the capital city. Congress continually has been importuned for the passage of measures that in object sought the advancement of, not alone professional practice, but of all works that have for their object the betterment of living conditions and the advancement of all the arts as well. The grade of Fellow member was established that honor might be conferred upon those who "have notably contributed to the advancement of the profession." A competition program was designed and it was made obligatory that no member should enter a competition until its conditions were vised by the Institute and its credibility established. In many other ways the American Institute of Architects has given reason for its existence and its right to assume the authoritative position that it holds in architectural affairs in the United States. Its work is still formative as it always should be to avoid stagnation. Since 1898, its constitution and bylaws have been revised and amended twelve times to meet new and ever-changing conditions. In 1915, the state of New York amended its articles of incorporation so that it could exercise its corporate powers beyond the limits of the state. From the thirty-one charter members in 1857, the membership has grown to one thousand eighty-four practicing architects in 1916. These are distributed among over forty chapters in cities and states from Maine to California. AUSTRALIAN PARLIAMENT BUILDING COMPETITION The Australian competition for the selection of an architect to design the first of the group of buildings in the Federal Capital city at Canbera, is experiencing troublous times. The competition for the general lay-out, which was won by Walter Burley Griffin of Chicago, was followed by the appointment of that architect as Federal Capital Director of Design and Construction. According to his suggestion it was decided toestablish a competition forseveral buildings, open to the architects of the world. The first, that for the Parliament building, called for outline sketches, proffered eight prizes aggregating six thousand pounds and an international jury was selected to make the award. This jury consisted of George T. Poole of Australia, Sir John J. Burnet of Great Britain, Victor Laloux of France, Louis H. Sullivan of United States of America and Eliel Saarinen of Russia. This competition was opened in June, 1914, suspended because of the war till September, 1914, and is now reopened with the same conditions except that only drawings from architects of friendly power nationally will be received. It was announced in August that drawings would be received at Melbourne and London up to January 31, 1917. Early in September a joint protest from the Royal Institute of British Architects and the French architectural societies having been sent to the Australian Commonwealth Government opposing the holding of the competition till after the close of the war a further postponement may be announced. Local conditions will probably largely govern the verdict of the Australian authorities though the protest will receive every consideration. It would be well for competitors to complete and forward their drawings within the time limit set and if the competition is again postponed their study of the problem will aid materially in its better solution when drawings are again called for. The latest information regarding the competition can be obtained from the British embassy at Washington or those of any of the countries of the allied powers. THE WESTERN ARCHITECT NOVEMBER 1916 Page 145 RESIDENCE MR HARRY MESSICH EDGEWOOD INDIANA JOHNSON a MILLER. ARCHITECTS, TERRE HAUTE. INDIANA Page 146 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT NOVEMBER ; 19,6 THE VOGUE SHOP. CHICAGO OTTENHE1 MER, STERN a REICHERT, ARCHITECTS. CHICAGO TWO CORRECTIONS In the October number of The Western Architect appeared a reproduction of the factory for I. L. Schein-man & Company, Detroit. Through error this building was credited to Albert Kahn. It was designed by Poll-mar & Ropes. The Western Architect is very glad to make this correction. The Bagley Fountain reproduced on page 127 was credited to Mr. William B. Stratton. It should have been credited to Mr. H. H. Richardson. J. M. Marriott, architect, of the firm of Marriott, Allen and Hall of Columbus, Ohio, has retired and the firm is reorganized as Allen and Hall, architects, at the address of 20 East Broad Street. The Tenth Chicago Cement Show will be held in the Coliseum Wednesday, February 7 to Thursday, February 15, 1917, inclusive. The concentration of exhibits in the Coliseum, Balcony and Annex will enable visitors to inspect them conveniently. Machines and products will be closer together thus facilitating comparison and enabling buyers to make purchases more expeditiously. However, as less space will be available for the next Show than for the last Show, each exhibitor will be asked to apply for as little space as can accommodate his exhibit and in this way it is hoped to make the number of disappointed applicants as small as possible. Closing the Show on Thursday will make it unneces- sary for exhibitors to be away from home more than one Sunday. There will probably be a joint exhibit of cement companies similar to the one at the last Show. The Ninth Show Joint Exhibit was considered by visitors, the building fraternity and the trade press to be the most complete and comprehensive display of the uses of concrete ever presented to the public. The exhibit was broadly educational and promotional in its scope. It interested the general public as never before in the uses and possibilities for concrete. It is planned to make the Tenth Show Joint Exhibit even more comprehensive than that of last year and to show, to as large an extent as possible, products in the making. During the eight-day period Chicago will be the center of activity in the building material industry. The National Builders Supply Association will hold its annual convention at the Hotel Sherman, February 11 and 12, and the Illinois Lumber & Builders Supply Dealers Association at the same hotel February 13 and 14. While the dates have not been definitely set, it is possible that the American Pipe and Tile Association will be in session during the Cement Show. It is also likely that the American Concrete Institute will meet at the same time. Beside these organizations, it is possible that the American Association of Engineers and other similar associations will convene in Chicago during the Show. ACTIVITIES OF DETROIT BUILDERS EXCHANGE As a live, virile and rapidly growing institution, the Detroit Builders Exchange is certainly an example to those of other cities. With a fraternal interest in all building in the state it has been a dominant factor in building up other exchanges, particularly a rival that is assuming competitive proportions at Flint. It is interested in National building, and a large delegation of representative members will attend the convention of the National Association of Builders Exchanges that meets in Atlanta, Georgia, in February. It is an active and important factor in the Associated Builder's Exchange of Michigan, the secretary of the organization being a member of the local exchange. Its activities extend to many of the municipal problems and amuses its members with smokers and even a procession of five hundred in motors attending a base ball game at the invitation of an enthusiastic member is not beyond the scope of this exchange. As an educational example in the encouragement of good building a well organized and comprehensive exhibit of building materials and appliances is one of the main features of the exchange. It is always open to the public and its instructive advantages are recognized and made daily use of not only by Detroit citizens, but those of the state at large. And as an adjunct to its missionary work it seems to have a capable press agent who succeeds in gaining the attention of and space in the newspapers of Detroit. As the clearing house of the city's material growth, the Builders Exchange is one of Detroit's valuable assets. THE WESTERN ARCHITECT NOVEMBER 1916 Page 147 ORBIN The Corbin Concealed Casement Operator For windows'opening outward. Does not interfere with inside screens or with curtains. Locks the sash in any position from closed to wide open. Operated by a handle which turns easily. See the Corbin Dealer in your city for particulars. p. & F. Corbin NEW YORK The .¦fmeriran Hordwitre Corporation Surcessor NEW BRITAIN, CONN. CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISERS AND WHEN DOING SO KINDLY MENTION THE WESTERN ARCHITECT XII THE WESTERN ARCHITECT CARTER H. HARRISON HIGH SCHOOL The Carter H. Harrison Technical High School, illustrated in this issue, is one of the new high schools recently completed for the Board of Education of the City of Chicago, located at Marshall and West 24th Street Boulevards. It occupies an entire city block 31 1x834 feet. This is a public high school with technical courses for boys and girls. It contains fifty class rooms, seating forty each, laboratories, shops, household arts rooms, kitchens, sewing rooms, drawing rooms, commercial rooms, an assembly hall seating 2,000, two gymnasiums, swimming pool, also a shop annex containing shops for instruction in carpentry, masonry, cement work, plastering, sheet metal work, etc. The main portions of the building are three stories high without a basement. The shop annex is two stories high and extends as a wing to the east of the main building, leaving a large athletic field in the southeast portion of the block. The cost of the building approximates $850,000.00. with equipment amounting to $150,000.00, making the total cost of the building and equipment $1,000,000.00, with a cost figured from ground floor to level of roof of 15 cents per cubic foot. The building is faced with light gray brick on all sides, with terra cotta and buff Bedford trimmings. It is of entirely fire-proof construction throughout. The school is being used for day school and evening school and has a total attendance of over 2,500 during day school sessions and a larger attendance in the evening school. Last June a class of 250 members was graduated from this school. DEATH OF GEORGE M. ANDERSON A distinct loss to the profession in Cincinnati and the country at large occurred in that city on October 4, in the death at the age of forty-seven years, of George M. Anderson, of the firm of Elzner and Anderson, architects. Not since we recorded the death of John W. Root has one so young in years and so full of promise judged by execution been taken from professional ranks. Mr. Anderson graduated from Columbia University, one of the ten honor men. His artistic trend being toward decoration and the correlative art painting, his first work Was with Tiffany in the study of decoration. After three years spent in Paris at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, Mr. Anderson returned to Cincinnati and entering partnership with Mr. Elzner, a past-president of the Cincinnati Chapter of the American Institute of Architects, Mr. Anderson occupied that office at the time of his death. In his designs, his paintings, that are pronounced to be of a high order of excellence, his unselfish devotion to the interests of his profession and its practitioners and in pursuit of high ideals, Mr. Anderson has left an enviable reputation in the profession he so worthily practiced. CARTER H HARRISON TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL. CHICAGO A F HUSSANDER ARCHITECT. CHICAGO ASSEMBL , HALL (FROM REAR THE WESTERN NOVEMBER ARCHITECT 1916 SWIMMING POOL THE WESTERN ARCHITECT NOVEMBER 1916 9 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT NOVEMBER J916 SZCOMD ri.OOT3 PLAN. FACTORY FOR THE DEAN-HICKS COMPANY. GRAND RAPIDS. MICHIGAN (THE HOME OF 'GOOD FURNITURE" MAGAZINE) ROBINSON a CAMPAU. ARCHITECTS. GRAND RAPIDS. MICHIGAN :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT NOVEMBER : 1916 WHOLESALE BUILDING FOR WILSON GROCERY COMPANY. PEORIA. ILLINOIS HERBERT EDMUND HEWITT (HEWITT & EMERSON). ARCHITECTS. PEORIA. ILLINOIS THE WESTERN ARCHITECT NOVEMBER 1916 i PADDOCK STORE AND OFFICE BUILDING, TERRE HAUTE. INDIANA, (COST $13,342) JOHNSON tV MILLER, ARCHITECTS, TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA lil|lll,ll,lll.llll JTOEL-ROCJi-i CLOSfT •STORf.-eOO'"! i__ri J__L sroJZE-Koori FUciT-Pl-OOC PLflfl 3EC0Nn.FLOOR.«PLB M. THE WESTERN ARCHITECT NOVEMBER 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT NOVEMBER 1916 1115 CLUB HOUSE :: ;: :: :: ;: :. OTTENHEIMER. STERN 8c REICHERT. CHICAGO. ILLINOIS SYNAGOGUE :: .= :: " OTTENHEIMER. STERN a REICHERT. CHICAGO. ILLINOIS THE WESTERN ARCHITECT NOVEMBER 1916 WAREHOUSE FOR CRERAR ADAMS « COMPANY : OTTENHEIMER. STERN & REICHERT. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS THE WESTERN ARCHITECT NOVEMBER '9'6 DEWITT COUNTY POORHOUSE A. ... PILLSBURY. ARCHITECT. BLOOMING TON. ILLINOIS Fie.-3t Flood Plan THE WESTERN ARCHITECT NOVEMBER |9,6 Second Tloou RLan 'i/c*lc '/B'-r-o" FLOOR PLANS ::- - DEWITT COUNTY POORHOUSE :: :: :: :. A. L. PILLSBURY. ARCHITECT, BLOOMINGTON, ILLINOIS THE WESTERN ARCHITECT NOVEMBER '9'6 RESIDENCE MR E. C. DEI BEL. AKRON, OHIO RALPH M HULETT. ARCHITECT. CLEVELAND. OHIO THE WESTERN ARCHITECT NOVEMBER 1916 RESIDENCE FOR MR. ARTHUR W ALLEN, PEORIA, ILLINOIS HEWITT & EMERSON. ARCHITECTS. PEORIA. ILLINOfS NOVEMBER : 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT RESIDENCE FOR WILLIAM HERRON. JR. PEORIA, ILLINOIS HEWITT & EMERSON. ARCHITECTS PEORIA. ILLINOIS :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT NOVEMBER 1916 THEW ESTER.N ARCHITECT A NATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND ALLIED ARTS, PUBLISHED MONTHLY VOLUME 24 DECEMBER 1916 NUMBER 6 THE FIFTIETH CONVENTION of the AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS By Robert Craik McLean The fiftieth annual gathering of the American Institute of Architects, which occurred on December 6-8 was in many ways distinctive. In attendance there was a maximum of members and of delegates. In the city of Minneapolis, located in the northern part of the "Middle West," there was gathered from the cities of the Pacific and Atlantic coasts, the far South and the intermediate states, the representative architects of each locality. There was a noticeable absence of dominating spirits and therefore a more democratic aspect seemed to prevail in this convention than is often observable in these assemblies. What is known as "the West" was more fully represented than at any time since the convention was held at Saint Louis. These circumstances gave to the proceedings a catholicity of thought and to the assembly a democratic and balanced aspect that was significant. For a long time in the past, though present in the thought of individuals, for the first time in convention expression, the spirit that has been called ' progressive," and indicates a seeking for individuality rather than the following of precedent in design, was notably present in the educational addresses. This indefinable, yet potent spirit was to the observer and student of architectural thought-progress, the most interesting and inspiring feature of this notable gathering of representative architects. * * * In the prolonged discussion upon the educational resolution and its proper phrasing the heads of the architectural schools present were given full opportunity to explain the operation and systems of their respective institutions. One source of education that is just as definite, though not as systematic, that of the Architectural Clubs of the country in their development of the employed draftsmen, was not mentioned. These clubs enroll as many members, furnish as varied and valuable instruction to their "pupils," as do the colleges, and though without a definite curriculum, present an entire "course in architecture" to the many and a post- graduate finish to the few, draftsmen who are members. Many of the clubs are endowed with traveling scholarships and their "graduates" are found among the distinguished members of the profession. The civic activities of the clubs often act as a stimulus to the local chapters, the organizations working hand in hand, the draftsman retaining his club interest and membership when he enters practice and joins the chapter; though in one exception, that may serve to prove the rule, influential members of a chapter allowed it to be understood in their offices that they considered their draftsmen's membership in the local club inimical to their interests, also objecting to a change of the Chapter meeting date to allow the attendance of club-chapter members. Where such narrowness exists the answer can be found in Mr. Wight's account of an incident in the early history of the Institute, while the next progressive move is for the Institute to invite and the architectural clubs to send, "delegates of observation" to future conventions of the Institute. * * * In re "registration," it may be noted that the legalizing of the profession is as actively discussed, and from the same viewpoint, in Great Britain as in this country. In a recent address before the Society of Architects the President of that association synchronal with the R. I. B. A., said: "* * * In regard to registration, there are architects whose opinions we value, who hold that to seek statutory powers for this purpose is to level down the profession, and that the way to accomplish our object is to level up by beginning at the top and raising the standard of education and qualification. These good friends overlook the fact that the full title and intention of the Society's Bill is 'The Statutory Education and Registration of Architects.' First educate your architect and registration becomes merely the mechanical process necessary to give him the assurance that, having spent much time and money on his education, he will not have Page 148 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER : : i9i6 wasted either, as is the too common experience at the many officials in Washington who are friendly to the present time. Voluntary education does not go far Institute's endeavor to place the necessity for a better enough; it holds out no certainty, and gives little en- system in securing government buildings before Congress, couragement to persevere, simply because anyone can there seemed to be a unanimity of feeling that Mr. purport to practice as an architect without passing ex- Burleston was an earnest and intelligent advocate in aminations or possessing any qualifications. Human the cause for representative government buildings, nature being what it is, there must be compulsory education in any registration scheme planned. * * * " When at the "dawning of American history" a Sec-The conclusions of this British architect: which doubt- retary of the Treasury of the United States being per-less reflected the opinion of his confreres; are very similar haps called upon to pay for a barn for the President's to those which actuated the delegates at the conven- horse or perhaps the pigeon-holes and desk for post-tion who discussed and adopted the resolution defining office use in the country store, a "supervising architect" the Institute's position regarding State regulatory en- was appointed from among the politically faithful, that actments. afterward important office remaining under the direction of the Treasury department. The architects were se-The officers elected at the fiftieth annual convention lected, not for their professional ability but through poof the American Institute of Architects are: President, litical influence. The buildings they erected were ex-John Lawrence Moran of Saint Louis, Missouri; First pressive of their capability to design. When a Potter, Vice-President, C. Grant LaFarge, New York; Second Windrim or Aiken was in charge there was some ap-Vice-President, W. R. B. Willcox, Seattle, Washington; pearance of design, but these only showed above the Secretary, W. Stanley Parker, New York; Treasurer, mass of mediocrity or worse. Then came the long-D. Everett Wade, New York; Directors for three years, fought-for Tarnsey Act and the appointment of Taylor William B. Faville, San Francisco, California; Burt L. which gave to the country the best work of private Fenner, New York; and Thomas R. Kimball, Omaha, architects and a similar advance in that of the Govern-Nebraska. ment office. With the repeal of the Tarsney Act and the The Institute is evidently immune to the "high cost resignation of Taylor an appalling condition of dis-of living" epidemic, as a resolution was passed after organization, waste, incompetency and general mis-discussion, that the present dues remain unchanged. management, or no management reigned in the Government's department of public buildings; a condition that Arguing that summer, with its vacations, work, and still exists and with no seeming hope of correction, general inclination to lay aside all but the occupation The Secretary of the Treasury deplores, and Postmaster of the moment, followed by the autumn rush of busi- General Burleston is active in his opposition to the ness, the directors of the Institute decided, and their present conditions that rule in the conduct of this de-report was accepted by the convention, that the next partment. They are supported by the best thought convention of the Institute be held in the spring of antJ influence of the American Institute of Architects, 1918. The trial of a spring meeting is based on the not only in correction of present conditions, but upon a supposition that working committees and members will basis that win ensure aR economical_ businesslike and at find both time and inclination for Institute service that .L .. . ,, . r n ii i r n tne same time architecturally expressive system tor all is a negligible quantity during the summer and tall. time. Sixty-two out of the one hundred forty-four ac- The mOSt imPortant work don^ in the convention credited delegates, not counting an almost equal num- was m furtherance of this reconstruction of the Govern-ber of alternates, to the convention were from cities ment's public building department. Its conclusions west of, and including, Chicago. In this connection it were that a department be established and an "expert" may be noted that the Pacific coast, comprising a terri- commission be appointed by the President to form-tory two thousand miles long by a thousand miles wide, ulate a plan and present it to Congress, that would contains ten per cent of the Institute membership. throw government building entirely beyond the in-Recognition of this is possibly indicated in the election fluence of venality or igorance and advance the design of officers of whom the president and a director are locat- and construction of government buildings to the place ed in the Middle West, and a vice-president and director ,1 -1111. • -r j ^ • 1 t they occupy in afl other civilized countries but ours, °n e the highest expression of the nations' architectural art. In the convention discussion of the attitude of Con- The pr°P°Sal °f Breck Trowbridge for the establishment gress toward the conduct of the Supervising Architect's of a government fine arts bureau with a cabinet head, is office, it developed that Postmaster General Burleston the ultlmate point to be reached, but it is too far from favored a system by which post-office buildings would the mu^ ln which the present foundations of govern-be placed under the supervision of the post-office depart- ment architecture is sunk to be more than hoped for and ment and the expenditure on each structure be govern- striven for by those who are now giving their time and ed by the postal receipts in that locality. Among the talents to its improvement. THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER 1916 Page 149 AMONG THOSE PRESENT Fifty years a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects, an active part in its direction and upbuilding, including a secretaryship for two years, the occupancy of every official position in the New York Chapter in those early years of its history, and a like activity in the Chicago chapter since the great fire in 1871, is the record of Peter B. Wight who was honored by a standing vote and applause at the fiftieth convention of the Institute. When some years ago Charles H. Bebb of Seattle, Washington, was made a Fellow of the Institute it is probable that the honor had never been more meritoriously conferred or the Institute more honored in the conferring. A skilled draftsman and building superintendent under the influence and close association of that wisest and kindliest spirit known to Institute membership, Dankmar Adler, Mr. Bebb imbibed technical skill and ethical standards that have been beneficial to both profession and public, not only of his city and state but the whole Pacific coast. He has practiced in Seattle for more than twenty years and his public activities have ranged from local chapter work to state organization, state enactments for the benefit of his profession and exposition and city planning for the people. He was one of the six delegates that represented the architects of the state of Washington at the convention. The Cincinnati chapter, and it might almost be said, the State of Ohio, was represented in the convention by Gustav W. Drach. Genial as is Mr. Drach's personality, on this occasion it served to accentuate the marked absence of others whose presence both professionally and socially has for thirty years at least, made these conventions remembered with both pleasure and profit. Within the past two months the Cincinnati chapter, one of the oldest in the Institute, has been deprived by death of three of its most valued members, G. M. Anderson, S. E. Desjardins and H. A. Hanniford. Each being a member of a firm, the attendance of surviving members whose presence at conventions has been constant, was prevented. George W. Rapp, whose social activities as well as convention participation was an endearing feature in former years, is seriously ill, an announcement that was received with many expressions of regret from his friends. James W. McLaughlin of the Cincinnati chapter—so affectionately called "Pap"— and Levi T. Scofield of Cleveland, who with Mr. Wight, became members of the Institute nearly fifty years ago, were not present, and there was no social gathering of those who have learned to appreciate and love them in their many years of constant convention attendance but their unavoidable absence was spoken of with regret. Houston, Texas, chapter was represented in the convention by O. J. Lorehn and W. W. Watkin, the only delegates at the convention from the State of Texas. Yet the profession in that state is active in construc- tive work that is in line with the best traditions of the Institute. It actively supports an architectural department in the state university, is persistent in maintaining ethical standards as individuals and in association. Texas has a state association that has initiative and influence with the public, and is at this time pressing for state registration, a state building code and the appointment of a state architect who will have power and talent to give the state representative buildings. There is no section in the United States where a convention of the Institute could be held in the near future with better results to itself, the advancement of the profession at large, or where the architects are more worthy of such recognition from the National body. The effect of the recent convention at New Orleans may be noted in the attendance of a full quota of delegates, S. S. Labouisse, J. J. McDonnell, L. C. Weiss, Sam Stone, Jr., and M. M. Goldstein. Emil Lorch, professor of architecture in the University of Michigan, made a distinct impression, favorable to his school in his remarks upon the educational resolution before the convention. While speaking to the resolution his auditors were given a clear outline of the course pursued by that talented educator which, conservative in direction, progressive in principle, is both different in method and in application from that of other architectural instructors. Professor C. A. Martin of Cornell, took part in the discussion and F. M. Mann of Minnesota and Goldwin Goldsmith of Kansas state universities also spoke to the resolution and outlined their educational theories and practice. The exceptional works of William B. Faville of San Francisco, which have attracted attention, made his little talk, illustrated by some exceptionally fine slides, upon the Coast expositions at San Diego and San Francisco, a particularly interesting feature of the entertainment program. While not in any way referring to the distinctive quality of his own work in the latter exposition, he presented that of his co-laborers in both expositions in a delightful manner that won for himself the thanks of a most appreciative audience. Of Chicago's representation at the convention, fourteen in number, all were of that spiritually connected guild which is actively engaged in giving a vitality and a new meaning to architecture in the Middle West. Thirteen of the fourteen are ' graduates" from the Chicago Architectural Club. These two facts have a significance that can be surmised. That the spirit that governs these true artists in design appeared for the first time in the formal expressions of leaders of thought and action in the Institute is as significant as the relation of the architectural club to architectural progress and progressiveness. Frederick W. Perkins, president of the Illinois Chapter, was accompanied to the convention by Elmer C. Lowe, George W. Maher, N. Max Dunning, Charles H. Page 150 TH Ej WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER 1916 Hammond, Webster Tomlinson, Richard E. Schmidt, time and thought to association affairs. He was at this Joseph C. Llewellyn, Thomas E. Tallmadge, Emery fiftieth convention of the Institute privately, as he Stanford Hall, George Nimmons, Elmer Jensen, Irving should have been publicly, recognized as the author of K. Pond and Allen B. Pond. The gathering of the that clear and definite pronunciamento issued recently delegates from the East and South at Chicago, their by the Iowa Chapter to the public on the subject of entertainment by the Chapter and the travel by special competitions. Another of those in attendance who train in charge of Webster Tomlinson to the convention became identified with association activities through city, will long be remembered as one of the most en- their membership in the Western Association (1885), joyable events of this most eventful of Institute con- was George D. Mason of Detroit, Michigan, ventions. The personnel of delegations evidently changed con-Delegates to the convention, from the far Northwest, s^c-ably between their appointment and the date of Charles H. Bebb, Arthur L. Loveless, Charles H. Alden, the conventi0n. Also a considerable number of mem-James Stephen and Daniel R. Huntington of Seattle bers in a numDer of cases those most active in the and Albert Held of Spokane, Washington, were grati- local chapters do not appear in the only list of delegates fied by the election of W. R. B. Willcox of Seattle to the avauaDle. We look in vain in this list for I. K. and second vice-presidency. This felicitation was extended Ailen g pond George Nimmons, Elmer Jensen of to the election of William B. Faville of San Francisco Chicago, E. H. Taylor of Cedar Rapids, George C. Ma-and Thomas R. Kimball of Omaha, Nebraska, directors son of Detro;t| Gustav Drach of Cincinnati, E. J. for three years. Turnock of Elkhart and others who were in attendance Albert Whitner Todd and N. Gaillard Walker were on the convention. As a matter of record however, the the accredited delegates from North Carolina chapter. listed ^^gates number 144, those entered as in attend-The latter in a felicitous address which was well received, ance in the convention, 125 the number present at the invited the Institute in the near future, to hold its an- banquet, including lad.es, 207, and those who accepted nual session in Charleston. Charles C. Wilson of the imitation of the white pine lumber interests and Columbia, S. C, was named on the regular Institute eni°yed that l°ng-to-be remembered excursion into the ticket for director for three years. Plne and mln,n§ re§lons of the state' 24L , T . , , , . NEW PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDINGS It is not orten that the Institute undertakes drastic j . . , OF LOUISVILLE measures in its endeavor to correct or abolish evils with-in its scope. Yet that term may be applied to the plan By ^- Ear^ Henry of Mr. Whitaker, Editor of the Institute Journal, for Economical school planning is a problem in which the abolition of the "pork-barrel" aspect of govern- a" those interested should work together because of the ment building appropriation and construction. Mr. many angles from which it should be studied. The Whitaker has collected a large assortment of facts, sup- teachers, supervisors and business director should ported by photographs which place them in a visual determine what is essential for class work and school and concrete form, ranging from the "contract build- organization. Physicians, physical directors and ing" situation in Washington to the construction of authorities on hygiene should also determine what is $125,000 post-offices in towns of fifteen hundred inhabi- necessary to best enable a child to take advantage of tants and a yearly postal business of four thousand the mental training he is to receive. The architect dollars. These facts accompanied by lantern slides of must earnestly co-operate with all these, and intelli-their photographic illustration, he proposes to send to gently embody the resultant conclusions in the final the forty odd chapters of the Institute that they may be solution of the problem. To obtain the best results placed before the constituents of the congressmen who the architect's services should not cease with the design thus squander the people's money. Mr. Whitaker, it and erection of school buildings. He should constantly may be said here, is a "live wire" and under his direc- be in close touch with their care and operation, in order tion the Journal can be credited with a large share of to know wherein mistakes have been made, and to such success as may come to the Institute in its cam- observe the constantly changing requirements, paign for bettering architectural conditions. His pres- About six years ago the people of Louisville divorced entation of his collected facts which he illustrated with their schools from the political, mismanaged rut in lantern slides at the Institute banquet made a distinct which they had been running and placed the system in impression upon the assembly. the hands of a small nonpartisan commission which realized the truth of the above statements and made The familiar figure of W. L. Plack of Philadelphia in possible what one of the leading papers termed as "a the convention recalls his first appearance in a similar marked advance in the character of school architecture, assembly when he came from Iowa to attend the first in the external as well as in the interior, scheme and convention of the Western Association of Architects at arrangement." In planning Louisville's new schools, Chicago in 1884. He was accompanied to that con- care was taken to incorporate not only the essential vention by Eugene H. Taylor of Cedar Rapids, who, features of the best modern buildings, but also to provide through the intervening years has devoted much of his canned o„ PaSe uz THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER ; 1916 Page 151 Continued from Page 151 for the local requirements. It was deemed best to build only of materials which would insure permanence and sanitation, even tho by so doing the erection of one or two needed schools had to be deferred for lack of funds. Thus no expense was spared in those built to secure the best known results in heating, lighting and ventilating. As will be seen from the cuts accompanying this article the general plan developed by these requirements and standards is necessarily more or less similar in all the buildings tho the exteriors have purposely been diversified. For economic reasons most of them have flat roofs. The desire has been to avoid the use of extravagant ornamentation or elaborate detail. On the other hand the aim has been at all times to set a high civic standard, to make each building present an appearance of dignity and suitability and express clearly its function to the observer. In all cases the buildings are faced with wire cut, rough textured brick, mixed as to shades of color, and laid with wide mortar joints, either struck flush or kept well back from the face of the wall by means of wooden strips built in and removed after the hardening of the mortar. The flat roofs are covered with composition and the pitched ones with interlocking clay tile. All new buildings are of fireproof construction, except for the pitched roofs which are of mill construction and the remodeled buildings which have fireproof corridors and stairs only. All bearing walls are of hard brick laid in Portland cement mortar, and all nonbearing partition walls are of hollow tile. The walls are plastered with hard cement plaster with floated sand finish. The floor and roof slabs are built of tile with reinforced concrete joists, a type of construction which so well adapts itself to this class of work. The finish of the interiors is purposely kept very simple. The floors in class rooms are of 13-16"x2 1-4" maple sanded to a perfectly smooth surface and then given two heavy coats of linseed oil which is brushed on while boiling hot. The floors in corridors are of terrazzo or tile and those in toilets and playrooms of terrazzo or of cement made wear and dust proof by the use of red cement hardener. What woodwork there is, is of oak or birch stained and varnished to bring out the natural beauty of the grain of the wood. The windows all have rounded plastered jambs and all floors and walls are joined with a sanitary cove base. Where wood floors occur, the cove is of maple finished like the floor. The new buildings are, as a rule, built with either eight or twelve class rooms, provision always being made in the plan for at least four additional class rooms, and the heating plant, plumbing and mechanical equipment as originally installed made adequate for the future addition. In the study of the plan for each building as much thought was given to the supplementary requirements as to the teaching requirements. The stairways are wide having handrails on both sides and being arranged so that each child has at least two ways of exit. The balustrades are of solid plaster 3' 6" high, thus preventing accidents and also embarrassment to girls. Emerg- ency toilets are provided on each floor, while the main toilets are placed in the ground story and so located that they are equally accessible from the building or playground. For sanitary reasons two doors are provided between toilets and halls. Altho authorities differ as to the best width of corridors, some contending that wide halls are extravagant and others that they are a necessity, experience here has clearly shown the benefit and need of wide, light corridors. The constant and increasing use of schools as buildings for neighborhood and civic purposes really demands them. In view of these facts the main corridors in all of Louisville's new schools were made 13 to 14 feet wide and they all have an abundance of direct light along at least one side. Each grade building contains in addition to the required class rooms, a library approximately one half the size of a class room, emergency toilet on each floor, teachers' rest room with toilet, room for use of school nurse and visiting physician with slop sink, etc., principal's office, janitor's room, combination auditorium and gymnasium, boys' and girls' play, shower and locker rooms, boiler room, room for heating and ventilating apparatus and ample provision for storage of coal. The class rooms are each 24 feet wide, 32 to 33 feet long and have a clear story height of 12 6". Each room has 42 single desks in the upper grades and 48 in the lower. Sixty lineal feet of natural slate blackboards, 48 inches high, are placed on the three inside walls, and one 18 inches high and 8 feet long is placed over the regular board at the front of the room for the teacher's use. Each room is also equipped with a self-winding clock regulated from a master clock in the office. This master clock is provided with both program and fire alarm ringing devices. Each room is also provided with an intercommunicating telephone. While all rooms are unilaterally lighted, it has proven to be a great help on warm days to have small high windows in the back of the room to give cross ventilation. For the accommodation of the children's clothing, large, well lighted, coat rooms adjoin each class room and can only be entered thru the class room, thus assuming proper supervision by the teacher. A built-in teachers' locker and bookcase is provided at the front of each room. A special feature of the coat rooms is the lavatory and drinking fountain in each. These have proven very practical and aid materially in the school discipline. i One class room in each school is provided with casement windows so that, if desired, the heat can be turned off, the entire window area opened and the room used as an open-air room. One room in each building is also designed to accommodate domestic science equipment, and one is planned for kindergarten purposes having its private toilet, special cupboards, drawers, etc., for the accommodation of the kindergarten material. Because of the lack of funds and the comparative few in the classes, it has not yet been considered wise to build as large or as expensive kindergarten rooms as is being done in some places where the conditions and courses of study are somewhat different. Page 152 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER : ; ]916 Our experience has proven that the combination auditorium and gymnasium in grade schools is both practical and economical. In Louisville schools they are approximately 40 feet wide, 60 feet long and 14 to 18 feet high in the clear. Each is either provided with a small stage and adjoining dressing rooms, or with a platform mounted on heavy castors and made to slide into a recess in the wall when not required for use. All buildings are wired for electric lights and each is provided with a suction vacuum cleaner with outlets so located that any part of the building can be cleaned with 50 feet of hose. Several of the buildings have roof playgrounds for use when the weather is good, but the ground damp or muddy. In this connection mention should be made of the large lots. All those purchased for new buildings contain at least 100,000 square feet, a whole block, and not only provide suitable setting for the buildings and ample play grounds for the children, but have made possible in many places school gardens that are of great educational value. All plumbing is of the most sanitary type. All urinals are of vitreous china and are automatically flushed. Closets are of the invididual seat action type with sanitary extended lips, sanitary backs, and seats with open fronts and backs. Flush valves are used and have proven superior to tanks. All closets and urinals are provided with local vents which are, in turn, connected to an exhaust fan capable of changing the air in toilet rooms every six minutes. After experience in the old buildings with the various heating and ventilating systems in common use, the new buildings were equipped with what is known as the split system, that is, direct radiation in the rooms to make up the heat loss, and fans to furnish tempered air for ventilation. While this system costs more to install than the fan blast or plenum system, it costs less to operate and has the important advantage of providing practically a double system, so that in case of trouble with one the other can be used by forcing. All buildings are provided with air-washers or air-washing fans and the air in each room is automatically controlled, both as to temperature and humidity. Because of the uncertain operation of mechanical devices and the lack of agreement as to the best ventilation requirements, all the ventilating apparatus in the new schools is designed to supply 40 cubic feet of air per minute to each pupil instead of 30, as is usually provided. While the above description applies in a general way to all the new buildings, a few words about the Louisville Boys' High School in particular seem necessary, because of the unusual requirements it, of necessity, was designed to fulfill. As the name implies, the boys and girls in Louisville attend different high schools. No accommodation for girls and the courses required by them had to be provided. The problem was further limited in that only academic subjects are taught in the new building, all shop work, drawing and manual training being given in a separate group of buildings. The building occupies a large city block and was made unusually long and set well forward on the lot so as to provide space on the rear of the lot for a large athletic field. This field was graded, tiled and fenced and reinforced concrete bleachers, seating 4000 people, built which cost $11,000.00 or $2.75 per seat. The fence was designed to correspond with the architecture of the building and is of ornamental iron with brick posts. The field accommodates a fifth of a mile running track, a baseball diamond and a football field. An article of this character would hardly be complete without some data as to cost. The following table has, therefore, been prepared and should prove of more than ordinary interest, because the records available make it unusually accurate. The cubic contents of the various buildings have been figured according to the rules adapted by the National Association of School Accounting Officers. The cost of the buildings, given are complete, including heating and ventilating equipment, lighting fixtures, built-in furniture and the cost of plans, architects' services, etc. The cost of furnishing includes, desks, chairs, instruction machinery and apparatus, and all portable furniture. Nothing which would be classed under the head of supplies is included. DATA ON COST OF NEW LOUISVILLE SCHOOLS Name of School When Contracted for No. of No. of Class Fixed Rooms Seats *Cost of Building Complete *Cost of Building per cu. ft. *Cost of Building per Pupil Cost of Heating and Ventilating Plant Cost of H. & V. Plant per cu. ft. Cost of Furnishing Same per Pupil Albert L. Brandeis. June 1913 12 540 $ 116.884.13 18 8 c $216 50 14,735.00 2 37c $ 3,607.00 $ 6.18 Lou. Boys' High.. . . June 1914 43 1,581 270,535.00 16.88c 171. 12 40,689.25 2.54c 51,776.00 32.75 John B. McFerran . . July 1914 12 540 100,593.98 20.2 c 185.10 12,637.00 2.53c 3,093.45 5.73 J.Stoddard Johnston Aug. 1914 8 360 96,170 88 21 85c 267.00 10,661 .00 2.43c 3,000.55 8 33 Garland Ave....... Aug. 1914 8 360 93,086 74 19.45c 258.50 11,522.00 2.41c 2,766.47 7 19 Shawnee.......... Oct. 1914 8 360 76,490 09 19.41c 212.20 11,475 00 2.91c 2,504.90 6.97 Emmet Field...... Dec. 1914 8 360 77,890.42 16.19c 216.20 11,619 97 2.42c 2,594 59 7.21 William R. Belknap. J une 1915 8 360 81,387.78 20.33c 226.00 10,898.00 2.77c 2.525.00 7.02 *These items include the cost of heating and ventilating plant. THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER 1916 Page 153 A WHITE PINE EXCURSION As a closing feature to the assembly in Minneapolis of American Institute Members from every part of the country the entertainment committee accepted an invitation proffered by the owners of the most extensive timber lands and manufacturers of white pine lumber in the United States, to visit the largest sawmill in the country. This mill is located in Minnesota's white pine limits in the neighborhood of the mining city of Virginia in the northern part of the state. The result of this acceptance was an excursion that in pleasure, at least, transcended any similar excursion ever participated in by the Institute convention delegates. This high praise is not in any way unmerited, judging from the expression of those who have participated in like functions arranged for the entertainment of these architects for many years, and it was the expressed wish that some recognition of the courtesy could be presented both to the hosts and to the Northern Pacific Railroad which conveyed the party to the mill near Virginia, Minnesota. The majority of the delegates and many other architects who attended the convention assembled at the station at mid-night after the concluding banquet. It was morning when the trains pulled into the immense shipping yards of the great sawmill that converts the white pine logs into one million feet of lumber each day. Or, rather, there are two mills; one with seven hundred and fifty thousand capacity and one beside it of two hundred and fifty thousand. There were those who had seen many sawmills but none of over one-half the capacity of the larger mill and none arranged on so systematic a basis of operation. As for the product, the fear that white pine was not what it had been and its supply both in quality and quantity was diminishing, was forever eradicated from the minds of a representative portion of the architects of the United States. To those, and they were many, who believe in the lasting qualities, the artistic possibilities and the beauty of white pine, the exhibit of the completed product as it stood in graded piles, the occasion was one to be long remembered. Not that there was any "exhibition," for the ordinary work of the mill went on without a change from its habitual routine and with a precision that spoke of the highest point having been reached in efficient operation. An addition to the program that interested the guests greatly, was a visit to one of the large, said to be the largest, iron mines that make northern Minnesota famous in the iron-producing world. The day is coming, if it has not already Shall Draftsmen arrived, when the architectural clubs Builders Remain .,, , , j ..1 . 1 „___ in Club W1U "ave to take UP and settle tne ques" Membership? tion, "when is an architect not an architect?" Primarially, the architectural club is a draftsman's organization. Its genesis was a "sketch club" and its development has been along recreatory and educational lines. Time has changed its personnel by admitting architects in general practice who were formerly draftsman members, to member- ship. This opened the gates for all architects who so desired, to become members of the architectural clubs. The architects, per se, in their organizations, demand that an architect shall be one whose "relation to his client is primarily that of professional adviser," and their ethical code states that an architect "should not, directly or indirectly, engage in any of the building trades." The temptation for the draftsman member of a club is great when a builder offers him a partnership in which he, the draftsman, is to furnish the designs, the contractor do the construction and each share in the profits. This employment may be right and legitimate from a personal standpoint, but because of the ever-increasing number of carpenter-architects the architectural club will soon have to decide whether such engagements by its members are inimical to its interests and those of the profession to which it succeeds. This scrutiny is especially important where such membership is really the basis of the contract and is used freely to influence the client through its guarantee of the draftsman's capability. Practically, it would seem that for the draftsman to use his club connection to further his business or to take the knowledge he has acquired in an architect's office and use it in this way is direct, and it must be acknowledged, pernicious competition with the profession. Ethically, it would also seem that the draftsman, by entering that line of work places himself beyond the pale of professional identity. There are several phases of this question that may furnish food for thought and calm discussion among the architectural clubs. Sociologists may not have noted the a Legalized fact_ DUt. it is a fact nevertheless, that Profession an . , f 1 • n- intelligence the growth or general intelligence among Barometer tne people at large is indicated by the freedom with which they consent to the passage of laws governing the profession and practice of architecture. There are other barometers by which the intelligence atmosphere may be gauged, but as the iron market is said to be the trade indicator, so the social status of a community in both profession and the public it serves, is manifested by the attitude of one or both toward architectural practice regulation through legal enactment. Facts concerning the different drafts of Facts Concerning State laws governing the profession of Registration architecture and their working out in Laws practice, are being gathered by archi- tectural association committees in an ever increasing number of states. These facts have been so gathered before, but are only available for reference through examination of the results illustrated by the completed works of the compilers. The most concrete summing up is probably found in the text of the New York State law which, being the last to secure passage by a legislature is probably as comprehensive and stringent as it is possible to induce an always indifferent and usually ignorant public to sanction. It is the best law because it is the latest, as well as having had for its Pnai> 1^/, THE WESTERN ARCHITECT i agt lUJf. DECEMBER : ,916 compilers a committee of exceptional experience with legislative matters. It also had the advantage of being presented to a public that had become educated in the relation that exists between architectural practice and society. When the first state law was passed, that of Illinois, no such stringent rules would by any possibility have been sanctioned by the Illinois, or any other, state legislature. The lesson was learned by Illinois architects when the first draft, compiled by architects of ability, strong in professional requirements, definite in its restrictive provisions; but when presented to the people for representative approval, it was rejected as class legislation of the worst kind. The next law to be presented was of a different character. Like our country's constitution, it was a compromise; and it has taken almost twenty years to make it the restrictive measure that was necessary to give profession and public full protection. In fact, one "compromise" paragraph is even now before the courts. This makes the exception that a builder may make plans "for work done for himself." Of course, this really was intended to mean "for his own personal use," but its interpretation has been that any speculative builder could hire draftsmen and construct houses independent of professional supervision. Up to the passage of the New York law those passed in other states have been more or less compromises, their authors taking what they could get rather than what they thought adequate and trusting to the popularity of the law's operation and subesquent am-mendments to finally bring it to the required standard. The Institute Committee on Legislation of 1915, went into the matter of registration laws exhaustively and its report coupled with its recommendation of the New York law as a basis for formulating other laws, is worthy of the attention of all who seek for information and direction in the formulation of state registration laws. Owatonna, Minnesota, the center of a Archaic farming community in the southern part School Board r . i 1 .« . ,, Asks for °t tnat state, was placed on the map Gratuitous Plans by an enlightened bank management securing the services of Louis H. Sullivan in the designing of a bank building, the design of which has attracted attention throughout the architectural world. This action of its leading financial institution would suggest that the community was likewise architecturally enlightened. But when the school board goes back into the dark ages of something-for-nothing plan acquirement and advertises for "preliminary sketches, with plans for treatment of grounds," * * * "to be furnished free of any expense," for a $150,000 school building, one would be apt to judge the opposite. It is probable that these arbiters of Owatonna's educational standards also believe that in making the janitor the principal of the new school they would be saving money, which is the main desideratum, and by advertising, such a janitor-pedagogue could be obtained. While it is also probable that no public protest would be made against the employment of an "architect" who would respond to the requirements of the advertisement, prompt and vigorous objection would be filed if the janitor were to be installed as manager of the school curriculum. Of course, there are still a few people who think that the "Chinese doctor" is as reliable'as the Mayos, and the chief debater behind the store stove the peer of the best lawyer. While doctors and lawyers have impressed the public with the value of their trained services, and that these services are not presented in gratuitous competition except by the charlatan, there are still too many who do not recognize the professionalism of the architect and imagine his work to consist of drawing square or oblong divisions in an enclosed space and painting attractive pictures of buildings. It is not a new discovery, but evidently not yet known to the Owatonna school board, that there is an intimate relation between curriculum, building design and plan, and recreation ground in the establishment of a school, and that the proper correlation of these can only be properly established by an expert in school planning. This is demonstrated by schools, not only in the cities but many of the smaller towns in Minnesota. But these buildings that the people's money paid for, were produced by architects who are artists in design and experts in plan and arrangement—and who are both too busy and too professional to respond to the something-for-nothing advertisement of the Owatonna School Board. Since the strenuous efforts of Enos A. Preservation Mills for the establishment of Estes Lake Michigan National Park in Colorado met Sand Dunes with success, no other like project of equal importance has been presented to the Government for sanction as that recently inauguarated by those societies and artists interested in social advancement of Illinois and Indiana. These societies, headed by the Assistant Secretary of the Interior, Stephen T. Mather, and architects and artists led by Lorado Taft, the sculptor, demand that the picturesque sand dunes at the foot of Lake Michigan, the only extensive tract of natural scenery now left in the Middle West, be preserved as a National Park. Unique in many of their features, only approached in grandeur by the similar sand mountains in Michigan that culminate in Sleeping Bear Point, these sand dunes are threatened with destruction by industrial encroachment and land speculators. Action for their ' preservation to State and Nation is imperative, and as the only place where a National conservation of Nature's greatest marvels between Itasca Park in Minnesota and the Adirondacks, can be established, the project should at once receive the endorsement and action of the National Government. Edward J. Wood, architect, of Clarksburg, West Virginia, has established a branch office at Marietta, Ohio. Mr. Howard Stephenson is in charge. THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER : 1916 Page 155 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER : 1916 WILLIAM R. BELKNAP SCHOOL, LOUISVILLE. KENTUCKY J. EARL HENRY. ARCHITECT :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER «9'« ENTRANCE DETAIL ' :: WILLIAM R. BELKNAP SCHOOL. LOUISVILLE. KENTUCKY J. EARL HENRY. ARCHITECT :: :: « :' THE WESTERN ARCHITECT OECEMBER : : '9'6 EMMETT FIELD SCHOOL LOUISVILLE KENTUCKY J. EARL HENRY. ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER '»'8 DETAIL CENTER BAY :¦ EMMETT FIELD SCHOOL. LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY J. EARL HENRY. ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER 1916 B+/8?? 5945 SHAWNEE SCHOOL, LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY J EARL HENRY, ARCHITECT i: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER : 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER 1916 ENTRANCE DETAIL ALBERT S BRANDEIS SCHOOL. LOUISVILLE. KENTUCKY J. EARL HENRY. ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER 1916 ENTRANCE DETAIL SHAWNEE SCHOOL. LOUISVILLE. KENTUCKY J. EARL HENRY, ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER 1916 BOYS' HIGH SCHOOL. LOUISVILLE. KENTUCKY J. EARL HENRY. ARCHITECT :: :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER 1916 AUDITORIUM :: :: :: :: :: :: :: BOYS' HIGH SCHOOL. LOUISVILLE. KENTUCKY J. EARL HENRY. ARCHITECT :: :: :: :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER 1916 ENTRANCE DETAIL : BOYS' HIGH SCHOOL. LOUISVILLE KENTUCKY J. EARL HENRY. ARCHITECT :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER : 1916 ENTRANCE DETAIL :: BOYS' HIGH SCHOOL. LOUISVILLE. KENTUCKY J. EARL HENRY ARCHITECT :: THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER : 1916 STUDER AVENUE SCHOOL, COLUMBUS, OHIO D RIEBEL a SONS, ARCHITECTS :: CRESTVIEW SCHOOL BUILDING. COLUMBUS. OHIO D. RIEBEL a SONS. ARCHITECTS THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER : 19,6 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER : : 1916 THE WESTERN DECEMBER ARCH ITECT : 1916 THE WESTERN DECEMBER ARCHITECT ; : 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER 1916 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT DECEMBER : ; |9i6 VOLUME XXIV DECEMBER, NUMBER. 6 19 16 jaN 16 i»17 THEW ESTEHN ARCHITECT PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN CHICAGO "Better Be Safe Than Sorry* The American Bank Protection Co. Is owned and controlled by well known Bankers Capital, $150,000.00 MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA Sate Deposit Boxes— r,, , . n i a i Steel Fixtures—Vault Electric Burglar Alarms Doors—safes—chests Fifteen years protecting thousands ot Banks in the V. S. and Canada without a robbery. Endorsed by State Bankers' Association and the leading Bonding Companies Structural and Ornamental Iron Jail Work and Bronze Work Crown Iron Works Company Minneapolis, Minn. The Winkle Terra Cotta Company St. Louis, Missouri Manufacturers of Arrljttertural afcrra (Eotta Standard, Glazed and Polychrome JACOB ANDRESEN CO. Manufacturers of LIGHTING FIXTURES Both Phone* 314-316 So. 4th St., Minneapolis H. KELLY & COMPANY CONTRACTING STEAM ENGINEERS Steam and Hot Water Heating Plumbing and Gas Fitting Large Stock Fine Cos Fixtures 1029 Third St. So. Minneapolis. Minn. The Twin City Ash Hoist Serves Every Purpose of a basement hoist for removing Ashes, Barrels, Boxes, etc. It is strong and efficient. Electric Motor can be used if desired. The upper view shows hoist extended for raising to sidewalk or wagon level. The lower view shows hoist lowered into basement entirely out of the way when not in,use. For complete information and prices write the manufacturers. Minneapolis Steel & Machinery Co. Minneapolis, Minnesota "AMERICAN" Enameled Brick is the result of 23 years of experience in the manufacture of Enameled Brick EXCLUSIVELY, guaranteeing not only SERVICE but entire satisfaction as to QUALITY and UNIFORMITY. Samples, miniature or full size, sent on request, charqes paid. Send for catalogue, containing color insert, or see our pages in Sneers Inden. 76-81. 1916 Issue. Prompt attention given formal inquiries. AMERICAN ENAMELED BRICK & TILE CO. "MANUFACTURERS OF ENAMELED BRICK EXCLUSIVELY" 52 VANDERBILT AVENUE, : : : : NEW YORK, N. Y. SAMSON SPOT SASH CORD SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, BOSTON, MA5S. THE WESTERN ARCHITECT 111 - That's How One Technical Man Ixplained thefictraRigidity of theTRib of Chanelath This is Point Noo 5 There are 6 Other Reasons Why (hanelath Is the Best Ribbed Mesh Reinforcing "IX7ET concrete is heavy. The *» more rigid the reinforcing material, the less deflection will be present in the finished work. The construction of Chanelath is such as to give maximum rigidity and minimum deflection. The T-Rib is the reason. It gives a greater amount of steel up at the peak of the rib than is found in any other type of ribbed mesh reinforcing. If you have been following this series of advertisements for Chanelath, you as a practical engineer will agree with us that in the T-Rib type of construction, we have revolutionized the problem of reinforcing fabrics. If you are not thoroughly familiar with the "reasons why" of Chanelath, let us send you Booklet 184 for your consideration and reference. North Western Expanded Metal Co. Manufacturers All Types of Expanded Metal 918 Old Colony Bldg., Chicago, Illinois PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISERS AND WHEN DOING SO KINDLY MENTION THE WESTERN ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT WALSH RESIDENCE, WASHINGTON D. C. henry anderson, architect new york city 6" allentown, pa. Hy-tex The Standard of Quality in Brick. Branch Offices: Baltimore Chicago Cleveland Davenport Du Bois, Pa. Indianapolis Kansas City Minneapolis New York City Omaha Philadelphia Toledo Washington, D. C. Zanesville TIME is the test of Quality, and time has served to prove the enduring worth of the Hy-tex Washington Grays. They have more than justified the wisdom of the architect's choice fifteen years ago, for the Walsh residence still remains one of the show places among the numerous splendid residences for which Washington is noted. The perfect surface of these Hy-tex Brick, laid in a cream mortar joint, harmonizes admirably with the rough ashlar granite base and the dressed limestone trimmings. Hy-tex Washington Grays, in a variety of tones, have for over twenty-five years won and held an enviable reputation, not only in Washington City but along the entire Eastern seaboard, as a facing material suitable for the finest architectural structures. Send for the "Hy-tex Brick Catalogue." Hydraulic-Press BricK Company St. Louis Largest Makers of Face Brick in the World PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISFRS AND WHFN DOINn SO KINni Y MFMTinu TUC we-ctc-dm a r.^,,.t-^^-t- THE WESTERN ARCHITECT "Better Than Marble" toilets unsurpassed for Beauty, Sanitation and Permanence. For toilets in Comfort Stations, Office and Public Buildings, Vitrolite is unsurpassed. Vitrolite can be washed with a hose and water or sterilizing solution. It is snow white—harder than marble—unstainable and proof against organic acids. A special committee appointed by the city of Springfield, Mass., to investigate toilet structural materials, after thorough inquiry, selected Vitrolite for the Comfort Station illustrated below. Our new demonstration is the last word in sanitary and structural perfection. Write us for details PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISERS AND WHEN DOING SO KINDLY MENTION THE WESTERN ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT Guarantee* for Year s We Standardized the Roofs— Now We Standardize the Guarantee! ADOZEN years ago the introduction of The Barrett Specification standardized roofing practice throughout the country and gave to the old "tar-and-gravel roof" a definite character and reliability. Local contractors, in the past, have been accustomed to guaranteeing roofs of this type, free of repairs for from five to ten years. To good reliable roofers such guarantees were no burden because the roof they constructed would last much longer than the guaranteed period. The fly-by-night roofer, however, did a poor and cheap job, gave his guarantee recklessly—and was generally out of business when the roof leaked or trouble came. As manufacturers of the materials used in Barrett Specification Roofs we, therefore, determined a short time ago to standardize these guarantees and make them of real value to users of Barrett Specification Roof s. We, therefore, arranged with the U. S. Fidelity & Guaranty Company to issue a 20-Year Guaranty Bond covering every Barrett Specification Roof of 50 squares and over wherever our inspection service was available. Today this Guaranty and Inspection Service covers all towns of 25,000 population and over and most of the smaller places in the thickly populated parts of the United Slates and Canada. This means that only 5% of the population is outside the radius of our Guaranty. This bond takes the place of short-term guarantees formerly issued by the local roofer and obviously is far better because: —it is for 20 years (instead of the usual five or ten) —it is backed by a $15,000,000 Corporation —it has the further backing of a great Surety Company —it provides for an impartial expert inspection of the job. How to Get the 20-Year Guaranty When you are writing your roofing specification say: "The roof shall be a Barrett Specification Roof laid in accordance with The Barrett Specification, dated May 1, 1916, by a roofing contractor approved by The Barrett Company. The roofing contractor shall furnish The Barrett Company's Surety Bond Guaranty for twenty years, in accordance with Note 1 of said Specification." On this solid and honest basis as many contractors as you desire may estimate on the job. The winning contractor notifies us that he wishes the 20-Year Surety Bond and requests our Inspection Service. One of our inspectors supervises the construction of the roof, tests it by cutting a cross-section, checks up the quantity and the quality of the materials used and certifies that The Barrett Specification has been strictly followed. On the basis of the inspector's report the 20-Year Guaranty Bond is issued by the U. S. Kidelity & Guaranty Company, and the bond exempts the owner from all expense for repairs or maintenance for the next 20 years. The Guaranty Bond costs you nothing. The service is free in the interest of good workmanship and the good repute of our materials. While we guarantee Barrett Specification Roofs for only 20 years the chances are that they will last much longer. We know of instances where this type of roof has lasted twice as long without any expense. Barrett Specification Roofs are recognized today as the standard covering for permanent buildings of all kinds. The cost, per year of service, is less than any other roof covering. They take the base rate of insurance and are approved as "Class A" construction by the Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. If you are interested in the proposition we shall be glad to send you further details on request. The ^^(244^^ Company Largest Manufacturers in the Worid of Roofing and Roofing Materials New York Chicago Philadelphia Boston St. Louis Cleveland Cincinnati Pittsburgh Detroit Birmingham Kansas City Minneapolis Nashville Salt Lake City Seattle Peoria THE PATERSON MFG. CO.. Limited: Montreal Toronto Winnipeg Vancouver St. John, N. B. Halifax, N. S. Sydney. N. S. lllilllllllillllllllli PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISERS AND WHEN DOING SO KINDLY MENTION THE WESTERN ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT VII Publisher's Department thkw ester.n ARCHITECT PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT CHICAGO, ILLINOIS By The Western Architect, Inc. Edward A. Purdy, President George R. Horton, Treasurer and Manager Robert Craik McLean, Editor Frank A. Greenlaw, Special Representative Minneapolis Office, 735 Palace Building Address all communications to Chicago Office Geo. T. Hopewell, Eastern Representative 225 5th Ave.. New York City PUBLICATION OFFICE 215 South Market Street, Chicago, Illinois Entered at the postoffice in Minneapolis as second-class matter. Subscriptions in United States, mailed flat, $5.00 a year, strictly in advance. Canada, S6.00. Foreign, $7.00. UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME NOTRE DAME, INDIANA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE Four year courses in Design and Architectural Engineering with degrees. Graduate courses with Master's degrees. Two year course in Design with certificate. Catalogues on application. Architectural Perspectives in WATER-COLOR and MONOTONE Work artistically done. Reasonable prices. Send for sample reproductions. J. WARD FRANKLIN Commercial Tribune Bldg. Cincinnati, Ohio OBITUARY Three architects, who for the past quarter of a century have been doing distinctive work, each unique in personality and temperament, two of them at the zenith of their capabilities, have passed during the last month. WILLIAM L. PRICE of the Philadelphia firm of Price and McLanahan, died at his home near that city from a nervous break-down, on October 14. Mr. Price was born in Philadelphia in 1861. His professional life, both as a draftsman and architect, covering more than thirty years, was passed in Philadelphia. While many works, both in private residences of notable artistic value, hotels of national reputation at sea coast resorts, the extremely attractive railway stations at Allegheny and other points for the Pennsylvania railroad, the first concrete office building erected in Philadelphia, and other more ambitious work remain to his credit, that which he most enjoyed and to which he gave his best talents was the development, in conjunction with Mr. McLanahan, of the ar- tist community at Rose Valley. Mr. Price was a publicist in belief and temperament and devoted much time to the single tax propaganda followed by the colony of that cult at Arden, Delaware. He was a member of the Philadelphia "T" Square Club and the Philadelphia Sketch Club. Samuel Eugene Desjardins, architect, of the firm of Desjardins and Hayward of Cincinnati, died from an attack of double pneumonia in that city on November 3. Mr. Desjardins was born sixty years ago in the upper peninsula of Michigan of French-Canadian parentage. He entered the profession as a draftsman in Toledo, commenced practice when the firm of Desjardins and Hayward was formed and became an Associate member of the American Institute of Architects in 1885. He was made a Fellow of the Institute in 1889. Mr. Desjardins made two trips to Europe for architectural study. In recognition of his high artistic talents and literary accomplishments he was made an honorary member of the Cincinnati Chapter and was a student of literature and the writer of poems of merit. FRANK E. CUDELL, architect, of Cleveland, Ohio, died in that city on October 25 at the age of seventy-two years. As a practicing architect in partnership with J. N. Richardson, his works were extensive, but it was his activities in public concerns that will leave his greatest impression on the city of his adoption. He was born in Herzogenrath, Germany, studied architecture at Aix-la-Chapelle, and went to Cleveland in 1867. During the past twenty years Mr. Cudell has been active in municipal affairs relating to details concerning the grouping of public buildings (the proper placing of the Kossuth monument being credited to him), his activities even extending to the invention of a trap with a view to improve the sewage system of the city; all indicating his intense desire to give his best efforts to municipal advancement. Although the defense contended that the architect was directed to prepare plans for a building for a fraternal order to cost not more than a specified sum, and that the contract held by the architect was worthless because it was not signed by a committee, an Indiana Superior Court awarded judgment in favor of the architect. The officers elected at the annual meeting of the Pittsburgh Chapter of the American Institute of Architects on October 27 are: President, Richard Hooker; vice-president, John L. Beatty; treasurer, Henry Kropff; secretary, Frederick Thomas Bigger. Directors, F A. Russell, Henry McGoodwin and Stanley Roush. Orlando C. Miller, architect, Columbus, Ohio, has removed his office from the Wyandbtte building to the First National Bank building. Robert M. Wright and Russell L. Hohl, architects of Cleveland, Ohio, have joined in partnership with offices in the American Trust building. VIII THE WESTERN ARCHITECT CASEMENT WINDOW STAY The introduction of casement windows into use in residence design in this country has been persistent, yet retarded, because of their peculiarity of structure and operation. At first there were no factories that supplied the window frames and until a definite demand has arisen, these had to be brought from England. From the first introduction, no adequately operative stay was procurable either in England, the home of the casement form of window, or in this country. The problem of a stay for casement and pivoted windows that meets in its composition, insert, plan and opera-ation, all the requirements, is placed at the command of architects by the Monarch Metal Weather Strip Company of Saint Louis, Missouri. In composition it is made of polished brass, is rustless and indestructible, and in operation it holds the window firmly at any angle, eliminating all noise of vibration. It is invisible from either side of the window, is interchangeable right or left, top or bottom, and in position can not possibly interfere with screens, curtains or other window fixtures. At the annual meeting of the Washington State Chapter of the American Institute of Architects, on November second, for the fourth time Charles H. Bebb, was elected president. D. R. Huntington, Seattle, was elected first vice-president; H. Gove, Tacoma, second vice-president; L. L. Rand, Spokane, third vice-president; Henry Albertson, Seattle, secretary; Elmer Storey, Seattle, treasurer. Chapter Council; Charles Alden and W. R. B. Wilcox of Seattle. The twenty-fourth annual meeting of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine engineers was held in New York on October 31 and November I. An elaborate and interesting succession of instructive technical papers occupied the sessions. The firm of Marriott, Allen & Hall, architects, Columbus, Ohio, has been succeeded by a new firm, Allen & Hall, with offices at 20 East Broad Street. The present firm is composed of Albert Miller Allen and Samuel Prescott Hall. Mr. John M. Marriott has opened an office in Marion, Ohio. Smokeless heat for largest buildings The sectional boiler is daily growing in favor for use on extra large heating installations. The success of these big heating plants is a striking recommendation. IDEAL SMOKLESS Down-Draft Boilers burn soft coal and heat large buildings at 20% to 50% fuel saving Battery of IDEAL SMOKELESS Down-Draft Boilers in the Manchester School, Pittsburgh, Pa. Following are only a few typical large installations where these IDEAL Sectional Boilers burn the cheap grades of soft coal without smoke: Curtis Aeroplane Works, Buffalo, N. Y. Manchester School, Pittsburgh, Pa. Carnegie' Library, North Pittsburgh, Pa 86,200 square feet of Boiler Capacity 42,300 square feet of Boiler Capacity 24,000 square feet of Boiler capacity 909 Lake Shore Drive Apartments, Chicago Overland Service Station, Toledo, Ohio 18,000 square feet of Boiler Capacity 32,400 square feet of Boiler Capacity Perhaps you would like further and special information for some large problem you have in hand? If so, we will gladly furnish it. Send for catalog. AMERICAN RADIATOR COMPANY Branches in most large cities ROOFING TIN Carefully manufactured from KEYSTONE COPPER STEEL—highest quality plates obtainable; accurately resiinared, uniformly coated—stamped "Keystone Oopper Src-el" in addition to brand and weight of coating, as indicated by Ml1' brand. Use Apollo-Keystone Galvanized Sheets. Etc. Manufactured by AMERICAN SHEET AND TIN PLATE COMPANY, Pittsburgh, Pa. PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISERS AND WHEN DOING SO KINDLY MENTION THE WESTERN ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT IX volume xxiv (Enntpnta fur Irrnttbrr, 191B EDITORIALS—The 50th Convention of the A. I. A. ----- . 148-140 A WHITE PINE EXCURSION.............. 154 NEW PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDINGS OF LOUISVILLE ----- 151 Notes on the A. I. A. Convention—By R. C. McLean.......- 150 NUMBER 6 jumrtratliini WILLIAM R. BELKNAP SCHOOL, LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY J. Earl Henry, Architect. Exterior, Detail and Plans. EMMETT FIELD SCHOOL. LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY. J. Earl Henry, Architect. Exterior, Detail and Plans. SHAWNEE SCHOOL, LOUISVILLE*. KENTUCKY. J. Earl Henry, Architect. Exterior, Detail and Flans. ALBERT S. BRANDEIS SCHOOL. LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY. J. Earl Henry. Architect. Exterior, Details and Flans. BOYS' HIGH SCHOOL. LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY, J. Earl Henry, Architect. Exterior, Interior, Detail and Plans. CRESTVIEW SCHOOL. COLUMBUS, OHIO. D. Riebel & Sons, Architects. Exterior and Plans. STUDER AVENUE SCHOOL, COLUMBUS, OHIO. D. Riebel & Sons, Architects. ¦ > Exterior and Plans. From Cellar Level to Top of Ash Wagon NO rehandling of ash cans at grade level when the G & G Model B Hoist is used. This hoist is designed for the removal of ashes where the approach to the hatch permits wagon to drive up alongside. Raises load at actual speed of 30 feet per minute. When not in use hoist telescopes and no part shows above grade. One man unaided can perform entire operation of raising and lowering cans. Every hoist subjected to thorough working test before shipment. Send for Booklet "B" gillis & geoghegan 543 West Broadway New York City $165 F. O. B. Cars New York City When you Build a Refined Home in a hard water district, no matter how elegantly appointed otherwise, it is not complete unless it includes Permutit The Water Softening Filter Because the hardest water by simply passing thru a "Permutit" Filter installed in the basement is made as delightfully soft as rain but at the same time as sparkling and live as spring water. THE PERMUTIT COMPANY NEW YORK-30 East 42nd St. MINNEAPOLIS McKnlfiht Bldg. Gold Medal Award Ghent 1913, San Francisco 1915 Res. of Alfred Pillsbury, Minneapolis Equipped with Permutit Fillers PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISERS AND WHEN DOING SO KINDLY MENTION THE WESTERN ARCHITECT X THE WESTERN ARCHITECT WYOMING STATE CAPITOL BUILDING, CHEYENNE, WYOMING NOW IN COURSE OF CONSTRUCTION © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © CLOW PLUMBING USED EXCLUSIVELY * © WILLIAM DU BOISE © Architect - Cheyenne © © © © © © © © © © © © PETER S. COOK Plumbing and Heating - Cheyenne © © © INCLUDING ALL MARBLE CLOSET STALLS James B. Clow & Sons, General Offices: 534-546 South Franklin Street, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS HI Denver San Francisco Los Angeles St. Louis Detroit Minneapolis Milwaukee New York © )©©©©©( ¦lllllllllillllllllMIIIIIIM © SALES OFFICES:- © © ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© fS) •MEDUSA WATERPROOFING' The Original Integral Concrete Waterproofing, which becomes an inseparable part of concrete, insuring perfect and permanent results. POWDER AND PASTE FORM Specify "Medusa Waterproofing" THE SANDUSKY CEMENT CO. Engineers Building CLEVELAND, OHIO iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiMii wiiiiiiiiiiif PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISERS AND WHEN DOING SO KINDLY MENTION THE WESTERN ARCHITECT fHE WESTERN ARCHITECT DARTMOUTH COLLEGE HANOVER, N. H. Corbin Hardware is used upon thirty of the buildings shown, built at different times. Conclusive evidence of the continued satisfaction given by the use of the Corbin line. P. & F. CORBIN Division The American Hardware Corporation NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT P & F. Corbin of Chicago & F. Corbin of New York P & F. Corbin Division, Philadelphia PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISERS AND WHEN DOING SO KINDLY MENTION THE WESTERN ARCHITECT XII THE WESTERN ARCHITECT SIMPLICITY CVI-'.RY part of Almetnl Store ' Front construction is simple in design and simple to install. Fvery part is huilt to perform its function in the most natural way. '"pi IF. sash, for instance, is »o huilt ¦ that the glass is held without Strain Its principle has heen used since glass became a part of building. Builders have always favored this simple construction T he possibility of glass breakage is reduced to the minimum. ' 1 HE. two-piece corner bars also * follow that same simple method of safety holding two joining plate* of glass. C TURD I NESS, simplicity, attrac-^ tiveness and safety are built into every part of Almetal construction. YT/HY not have Almetal details on " ft\ef You'll find them easy to use on your next Store Front job Detroit Show Case Company 470 Fort Street West Detroit, - Michigan We " make the weU-km }'etz costruciiion. TRADE |. x. l. MARK FLOOR FINISH A coating of the highest eicellence for preserving and beautifying hardwood floors. It is made of carefully selected hard gums, is elastic, and very durable and dries hard over night. Is waterproof, and satisfies the most exacting requirements. The best that can be made. The I. X. L. FLOOR FINISH stands all tests. TRADE |. x. l. no. 1 mark FOR INTERIOR WORK A most elastic and durable varnish for alt interior woodwork on yachts, public and private buildings. Is pale, extremely easy working and brilliant. Being made of hard fossil gums is waterproof, and equally suitable for bathrooms or "standing trim." Lasts a lifetime without cracking, chipping or losing its beauty. EDWARD SMITH & CO. "VARNISH -MAKERS FOR 89 YEARS" HEAD OFFICE AND WORKS WEST AVE.. *TH AND 7TH STS., LONG ISLAND CITY, N. T. °. O BOX 1780. NEW YORK CITY Living Room Mantle. Mn, Chaa. G. Gates Residence. Minneapolis Marshall & Fox. Architects. Chicago northwestern marble & tile co. Contractors and Manufacturers of Interior and Exterior Marble Work; Ceramic and Encaustic Tile; Mosaic and Terrazzo Flooring Office and Factory: Twenty-Seventb Ave. So. and Twenty-Seventh St Tri-Slate Phone Snelling 4U Northwestern Phone Drexel 40 MINNEAPOLIS :: :: :: MINNESOTA Fine engraving is fine art. In the great volume of business we never lose sight of the art involved. Compare The Western Architect plates with the bulk of the engraving "jobs" you see. Get the point ? Let us serve you in the same artistic way—Quality—Service. minnesota engraving & colorplate company MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISERS AND WHEN DOING SO KINDLY MENTION THE WESTERN ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT XIII GIDEON TUCKER PORTICO at Salem, Massachusetts. Built in 1807 of White Pine. Samuel Mclntire, Architect. Removed to, and now preserved by the Essex Institute, Salem. {Note—We regret thai we misnamed this Mclntire portico, which holds such a high place in the esteem of architects,1'Tucker-Rice Portico," in a previous use of the illustration, and in the interest of historical accuracy gladly acknowledge our error and give if. its proper designation-) Photo by Mary H. Norihend. Salem, Mass THIS is but one of many masterful designs oi Samuel Mclntire that have been preserved to this and future generations because of the wonderful durability of White Pine The same quality of White Pine is still abundantly available today, as it always has been, in all grades and in any quantity desired. If the lumber dealers supplying your clients are at any time unable to furnish it, we should appreciate the opportunity of being helpful to you in securing it. Representing The Northern Pine Manufacturers' Association of Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, and the Associated White Pine Manufacturers of Idaho Address WHITE PINE BUREAU, Merchants Bank Building, St. Paul, Minn. PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISERS AND WHEN DOING SO KINDLY MENTION THE WESTERN ARCHITECT XIV THE WESTERN ARCHITECT A Wonderful Example of White Enamelling —a truly beautiful job of whitt enamelling—a job that is talked about by everybody who sees it, the walls and ceilings of the Columbus O., Athletic Club, Messrs. Richards, McCarty and Bulford, Architects. The material used was, of course, the famous — — - — \ff£MBMBER ITS WATERPROOFl Y#yv| Hi _/»eg. i/.s pat. orr., HOSPITAL & LABORATORY ENAMEL —the white enamel that positively will not turn color. It meets the most rigid sanitary requirements of architects everywhere. And it is waterproof as well as resistant to acid and chemical fumes. A three-coat enamel that may be had in a high gloss, matt or eggshell finish. Our new "Red Book" sent free to all. Address Dept. H. TOCH BROTHERS Technical and Scientific Paint Makers since 18^3 j^vX* 320 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK 89p Works: New York; London, Euz.; Toronto, Can* ¦ffisjg! 1 r, If ii n 1 nn biiW ¦:.r,[\\;; %%%% mm it ii ii II ll sm , "iiKHH ' lljjjlllli Annex Store for Men and Office Building for Marshall Field & Company, Chicago. D. A. Burnham Company, Architects. R. J. Powers, Contractors. Pump Service is vital in the operation of modern Store and office buildings. Goulds Pumps FOR EVERY SERVICE were specified in this newest store and office building for Marshall Field & Company because they provided without question the exacting requirements of the highest class of tenants. A complete set of bulletins describing our line of pumps to meet your requirements will be sent on request. WRITE OUR NEAREST OFFICE THE GOULDS MANUFACTURING COMPANY Main Office and Works: seneca falls, n. y. Branch Houses: Boston New York, Philadelphia, Chicago District Offices: Pittsburgh, Atlanta, Baltimore, Houston steel and wood rolling doors and shutters. approved fire doors bi folding doors THE KINNEAR MFG. CO. COLUMBUS, OHIO, U. S. A. PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISERS AND WHEN DOING SO KINDLY MENTION THE WESTERN ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT XV "WHY ARCHITECTS SPECIFY IDEAL FLOORING" BARTON SCHOOL, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. FLOORED WITH "IDEAL" MAPLE FLOUHING FROM THE MILLS OF THE I. STEPHENSON COMPANY, TRUSTEES AT WELLS. MICHIGAN. SOLD BY THE TOSER LUMBER COMPANY MINNEAPOLIS. MINNESOTA. WILLIAM B. ITTNER, ARCHITECT. J. E. PILGRAM. CONTRACTOR Architect Board or Education City of St. Louis REASON NUMBER EIGHT Wm. B. Ittner ARC H ITECT Board of Education Building St Louis Associates D. Stephen, JR., Architect R. O. Alexander, Engineer Dec. 30/1915 Mr. Robert C. McLean, Editor Western Architect, Minneapolis,Minn. My Dear Mr. McLean:- You ask me why I use maple flooring for schoolhouses. The answer is simple. I have found, after years of practice in school work, that good maple flooring gives the best satisfaction and wear. I have gone through the whole gamut of floors and am convinced in my own mind that maple is the ideal material. Wishing you a Happy and Prosperous New Year, j am Yours sincerely. Architect* PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISERS AND WHEN DOING SO KINDLY MENTION THE WESTERN ARCHITECT XVI THE WESTERN ARCHITECT THE architect, the builder or the heating man who recom-A mends the Minneapolis Heat Regulator is not governed by price. He is jealous of his reputation and the article he endorses. He believes that the complete satisfaction of the purchaser is a part of the bargain and having made a study and careful tests covering the field of heat regulators he selects Heat Regulator As the best regulator made for temperature control in the home. This device maintains a uniform temperature of any desired degree day and night and can be easily so adjusted that it will automatically and silently operate for an exact higher or lower temperature at any set hour. It is a marvel of convenience and has proven its merit in thousands of homes for 31 years. Works perfectly with any kind of heating plant and is sold under a positive guarantee of satisfaction. Our bo'klet shows all models. (Nos. So, ',40. 47, 65. 60 and 65), explains details and gives prices. Minneapolis Heat Regulator Co. 2759 Fourth Avenue South MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Model No. 55 ) / KOLL'S n ; '¦" PATENT/ Wood Columns FOR EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR USE In all out door, as well as indoor work where columns are employed, the careful builder raises the question of permanence of column construction. This question is answered fully and satisfactorily in the "Koll's Patent" lock joint column. It is a construction that has secured the high reputation of our Columns. Catalogue "K-40" containing very useful information about exterior and interior columns will be sent to those who want it for 10c in stamps. Hartmann - Sanders Co. Main Office & Factory New York Office 2155 Elston Ave. No. 6 E. 39th St Chicago, 111. New York City D. W. McGRATH General Contractor BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ?—SSr—* New First National Bank Building COLUMBUS, O H I O General Contractor for Crestview and Studer Avenue Schools Use This Ball Valve Architects, Contractors, Owners should specify in all their new work Detroit Ball Valves They Last! Globe, Angle and Check {Palenled 1SI1) This valve cannot be affected by steam, hot water, scale or sediment; it will not wire draw. Valve seat and inside top of cage holder are of socket form rounded to a perfect radius of the ball and the ball is perfectly free in its cage. When the ball takes its seat it makes a ball and socket joint, opening rotates the ball giving a constantly changing surface each time the valve is operated. Sold under a guarantee of absolute satisfaction or money will be refunded. For full particulars write to the sole manufacturer. American Ball Valve & Mfg. Co. (Formerly Detroit Ball Valve Co.) 572-580 FRANK 1,IN STREET DETROIT, MICHIGAN PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISERS AND WHEN DOING SO KINDLY MENTION THE WESTERN ARCHITECT THE WESTERN ARCHITECT XVII 151 What Our Architects Service Meant In This Instance The original hood was a needlessly heavy shade casting design. This one altho not lacking in character is admirable for its purpose. JT meant practicalness mainly. The original design was attractiveness itself, but it sacrificed practicalness. The rose house was better adapted for ferns. The orchid house was admirable for carnations. The heating was a difficult problem, involving an excessive coal expenditure. Additions were not possible without prohibitive expenditures. Sales Offices :-New York 42nd St. Bldg, It was possible for our Service Department to suggest practical solutions for all the problems. The layout is now satisfactory to architect, owner and builder. It is the result of co-operation in its broadest sense. This service—this co-operation of ours, is at your disposal. Builders of Greenhouses and Conservatories Boston Philadelphia Tremont Bldg. Widener Bldg. Cleveland Toronto Swetland Bldg. Royal Bank Bldg. Factories:— Irvington, N. V. Des Plaines, 111. Chicago Rochester Rookery Bldg. Granite Bldg. Montreal Transportation Bldg. St. Catharines, Canada STl^ lstT^ LsTrT^ STl^ ¦STl^ ls^ r GEO. W. BESTOR President C. C. DRAGOO, Vice Pres. Sauk Rapids Granite Co. If you specify: Sauk Rapids Warm Gray Granite. 6 cut finish for steps, platforms and dressed work. Sauk Rapids Pink for Polished Building Work. You will be well satisfied with Quality, Price and Service. Write for samples SAUK RAPIDS MINNEAPOLIS DO YOU WANT TO ECONOMIZE? You can save actual money by handling your goods on one of our Gravity Spiral Chutes Write today for full information on our gravity roller conveyors, spirals, automatic straight lift and inclined elevators, belt conveyors and labor saving devices of all kinds. Minnesota Manufacturers Assn. North St. Paul, Minn. Chicago Office: Room 2 12. 549 W. Washington Street Plumbing Fixtures —from the standpoint of appearance and that of service—meet the requirements oi modern homes. Pub-lie confidence in 'rt'tfttldard" rests upon the vast output ol these goods since 1900. Standard .Sariitar.fl'TOfi). Cc. Pittsburgh showrooms and service stations in principal cities PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISERS AND WHEN DOING SO KINDLY MENTION THE WESTERN ARCHITECT XV111 THE WESTERN ARCHITECT ¦ This Carey Roof Stood a Fiery Test WIIK.X ihe Syndicate- Block in Minneapolis was wiped out by lire, the roof of the magnificent Andrus Building directly opposite was fairly covered with burning embers. Protected with Carey Flexible Cement Rooting it passed through the ordeal unharmed. Seoresof notable buildings everywhere are rooted with Be sure and get VOIR copy of the Carey Book of Architect's Specifications. The Philip Carey Company GENERAL OFFICES LOCKLAND CINCINNATI, OHIO 50 branches and distributors UJ^ju i — 0—— METAL CEILINGS FIT PERFECTLY jj^^Ji^J.,u-,,.i...<:.,.A,.J,^i»..,.A.,ur.1t[T,|M, ???? ? ???? _J DESIGN NO 2276 Economical, sanitary, durability and unlimited decorative possibilities are features which make ^niffiJcint the preferred ceiling and wall finish. Send for our catalog showing many new and exclusive designs. SHOWING THE ARTISTIC ETFEC SIGN NO 2276 IN DRUG STORE MILWAUKEE ARTISTIC METAL CEILING CO. Branch at KANSAS CITY, MO. MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISERS AND WHEN DOING SO KINDLY MENTION THE WESTERN ARCHITECT ^>A^OFG00DVA^ For Best Results Specify: Buckhorn Interior fot Interiors Buckhorn Floor ioi Floors Buckhorn Elastic Spar for Outside Use Office and Factory ST. PAUL. MINN. Phones: Trt-State Park 6665 N. W. Midway 686 Beautiful OAK FLOORS Are the source of unlimited satisfaction and pride. Where ever OAK FLOORING is used, it always attracts a better class of tenants and assures better renting and selling values. OAK FLOORS mean satisfaction; the first cost is the last, as repairs are eliminated. With a little care, OAK FLOORS will last a lifetime. %' OAK FLOORING offers a very beautiful and durable floor at a very low cost. 11 is the ideal floor for laying over old floors in old buildings, as well as in new buildings over cheap sub-floors. When laid it has all the appearance of xi" stock. OAK FLOORING is beautiful, distinctive and substantial and rightly deserves the name "AMERICA'S BEST FLOORING" When you specify OAK FLOORING for any building, you can rest assured that you have done a distinct service for your client that will always reflect to your own credit-See our Page 758 - 1916 Sweet's Catalogue. Write for booklet. OAK FLOORING SERVICE BUREAU 1368 Conway Building Chicago St. Paul Foundry Co. STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS manufacturers of Architectural Iron Work Steel Trusses, Girders, Columns and Buildings large stock on hand of beams, channels, angles and plates. general foundry, blacksmith and machine work. :: :: OFFICES: como avenue and mackubin street WORKS: g. n. ry., near como avenue Saint Paul, Minnesota IHpervitE T> emember that all ma- sonry can be water-proofed With IMPERVITE. A f " INSIDE facing of IMPERVITE mortar will be bone-dry even if fifty feet below the ocean." IMPERVITE (an asphaltic emulsion) is guaranteed to be more than twice as efficient as any "Soap" Waterproofing Compound. Why not make sure that your client gets the BEST! For form of specification, see "1915 Sweet," page 45. The Standard Paint Co Peoples Gas Bldg,, Chicago Woolworth Bldg., New York Cutler Mail Chutes EATXNTXD < ' ert^e CGcapesi SVlodern Improvement Cutler Mail Chute Co Rochester N Y "HARD KNOCKS" enturies have not destroyed the principle of the dovetail or the preserving qualities of creosote and Asphalt. ^ Time, the great destroyer, deals "knockout" blows to inferior building materials. The stucco finished house with any but the best background for stucco, cement, or plaster is shortlived. LOCKS THE PLASTER ^BISHOPRIC' STUCcofLASTER BOARD Write for our free book, "Bunt on the Wtodom of Ages," illustrating homes, apartments, factory and public buildings frifrtfd In stucco, on Bishopric Board—containing letters from architects, builders and users, and extracts from reports of scientific tests, also free samples of Bishopric Board. Write today, Investigate for yourself! be convinced. The 857 Este Avenue is a modern combination of materials and principles that centuries of actual use have proven the most efficient in building construction. The dovetailed, creosoted lath clinching the stucco, backed by Asphalt Mastic over heavy fibre-board, abso- j lutely weather and water proof, withstand the vibrations from storm, the extreme"^ changes in temperature and all the hard knocks of time, more successfully than any known background for stucco made—and it's the most economical. Mastic Wall Board & Roofing Co. Cincinnati, Ohio